Editing MPEG-4 Part 3 (section)

== MPEG-4 Audio Object Types ==
MPEG-4 Audio includes a system for handling a diverse group of audio formats in a uniform manner. Each format is assigned a unique Audio Object Type to represent it.<ref name="mpeg4audio-multimediawiki">{{cite web | url=http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=MPEG-4_Audio | title=MPEG-4 Audio | author=MultimediaWiki | publisher=MultimediaWiki | year=2009 | access-date=2009-10-09}}</ref><ref name="fhg-mpeg4audio">{{citation|url=http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/fhg/Images/AES5270_MPEG-4_Audio_Components_on_various_Platforms_tcm278-67534.PDF |title=Implementation of MPEG-4 Audio Components on various Platforms |author1=Bernhard Grill |author2=Stefan Geyersberger |author3=Johannes Hilpert |author4=Bodo Teichmann |publisher=Fraunhofer Gesellschaft |date=July 2004 |access-date=2009-10-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610222853/http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/fhg/Images/AES5270_MPEG-4_Audio_Components_on_various_Platforms_tcm278-67534.PDF |archive-date=2007-06-10 }}</ref> Object Type is used to distinguish between different coding methods. It directly determines the MPEG-4 tool subset required to decode a specific object. The MPEG-4 profiles are based on the object types and each profile supports a different list of object types.<ref name="fhg-mpeg4audio" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+MPEG-4 Audio Object Types<ref name="mpeg4audio-version2"/><ref name="mpeg4audio1"/><ref name="mpeg4audio-multimediawiki" /><ref name="mpeg4audio1-draft">{{cite web|url=http://140.130.175.70/html/mpeg4/sound.media.mit.edu/mpeg4/audio/documents/index.html |title=MPEG-4 Audio (Final Committee Draft 14496-3) |author=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N2203 |publisher=Heiko Purnhagen |date=March 1998 |access-date=2009-10-07 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="mpeg4audio-n7016">{{citation|url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n6475t.doc |title=Text of ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/FPDAM 4, Audio Lossless Coding (ALS), new audio profiles and BSAC extensions |format=DOC |author=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N7016 |date=2005-01-11 |access-date=2009-10-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215821/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n6475t.doc |archive-date=2014-05-12 }}</ref>
|-
! Object Type ID
! Audio Object Type
! First public release date
! Description
|-
| 1
| AAC Main
| 1999
| contains AAC LC
|-
| 2
| [[AAC-LC|AAC LC]] (Low Complexity)
| 1999
| Used in the "AAC Profile". MPEG-4 AAC LC Audio Object Type is based on the MPEG-2 Part 7 Low Complexity profile (LC) combined with Perceptual Noise Substitution (PNS) (defined in MPEG-4 Part 3 Subpart 4).<ref name="mpeg4audio-profiles" /><ref name="mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio">{{cite web|url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/tutorials/papers/icj-mpeg4-si/09-natural_audio_paper/gacoding.html |title=MPEG-4 Natural Audio Coding – General Audio Coding (AAC based) |author1=Karlheinz Brandenburg |author2=Oliver Kunz |author3=Akihiko Sugiyama |publisher=chiariglione.org |year=1999 |access-date=2009-10-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219233137/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/tutorials/papers/icj-mpeg4-si/09-natural_audio_paper/gacoding.html |archive-date=2010-02-19 }}</ref>
|-
| 3
| AAC SSR (Scalable Sample Rate)
| 1999
| MPEG-4 AAC SSR Audio Object Type is based on the MPEG-2 Part 7 Scalable Sampling Rate profile (SSR) combined with Perceptual Noise Substitution (PNS) (defined in MPEG-4 Part 3 Subpart 4).<ref name="mpeg4audio-profiles" /><ref name="mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio" />
|-
| 4
| AAC LTP ([[Long Term Prediction]])
| 1999
| contains AAC LC
|-
| 5
| SBR ([[Spectral Band Replication]])
| 2003<ref>{{cite web | title=Bandwidth extension, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38148 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2003 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| used with AAC LC in the "High Efficiency AAC Profile" ([[HE-AAC]] v1)
|-
| 6
| AAC Scalable
| 1999
| 
|-
| 7
| [[TwinVQ]]
| 1999
| audio coding at very low bitrates
|-
| 8
| CELP ([[Code Excited Linear Prediction]])
| 1999
| speech coding
|-
| 9
| [[HVXC]] (Harmonic Vector eXcitation Coding)
| 1999
| speech coding
|-
| 10
| (Reserved)
| 
| 
|-
| 11
| (Reserved)
| 
| 
|-
| 12
| TTSI ([[Text to speech|Text-To-Speech]] Interface)
| 1999
| 
|-
| 13
| Main synthesis
| 1999
| contains '[[Table-lookup synthesis|wavetable]]' [[sample-based synthesis]]<ref name=scheirerray1998/> and Algorithmic Synthesis and Audio Effects
|-
| 14
| '[[Table-lookup synthesis|wavetable]]' [[sample-based synthesis]]
| 1999
| based on [[SoundFont]] and [[DownLoadable Sounds]],<ref name=scheirerray1998>
{{cite journal
 | last1     = Scheirer | first1 = Eric D.
 | last2     = Ray      | first2 = Lee 
 | title     = Algorithmic and Wavetable Synthesis in the MPEG-4 Multimedia Standard
 | periodical= Audio Engineering Society Convention 105, 1998
 | date = 1998
 | quote     = 2.2 Wavetable synthesis with SASBF: ''The SASBF wavetable-bank format had a somewhat complex history of development. The original specification was contributed by E-Mu Systems and was based on their "SoundFont" format [15]. After integration of this component in the MPEG-4 reference software was complete, the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) approached MPEG requesting that MPEG-4 SASBF be compatible with their "Downloaded Sounds" format [13]. E-Mu agreed that this compatibility was desirable, and so a new format was negotiated and designed collaboratively by all parties.''
| citeseerx = 10.1.1.35.2773
 }}
</ref> contains General MIDI
|-
| 15
| [[General MIDI]]
| 1999
| 
|-
| 16
| Algorithmic Synthesis and Audio Effects
| 1999
| 
|-
| 17
| ER AAC LC
| 2000
| [[Advanced Audio Coding#Error Resilient (ER) AAC|Error Resilient]]
|-
| 18
| (Reserved )
| 
| 
|-
| 19
| ER AAC LTP
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 20
| ER AAC Scalable
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 21
| ER TwinVQ
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 22
| ER BSAC (Bit-Sliced Arithmetic Coding)
| 2000
| It is also known as "Fine Granule Audio" or fine grain scalability tool. It is used in combination with the AAC coding tools and replaces the noiseless coding and the bitstream formatting of MPEG-4 Version 1 GA coder. Error Resilient
|-
| 23
| ER [[AAC-LD|AAC LD]] (Low Delay)
| 2000
| Error Resilient, used with CELP, ER CELP, HVXC, ER HVXC and TTSI in the "Low Delay Profile", (commonly used for real-time conversation applications)
|-
| 24
| ER CELP
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 25
| ER HVXC
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 26
| ER [[Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise|HILN]] (Harmonic and Individual Lines plus Noise)
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 27
| ER Parametric
| 2000
| Error Resilient
|-
| 28
| SSC (SinuSoidal Coding)
| 2004<ref name="parametric">{{cite web | title=Parametric coding for high-quality audio, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 2:2004 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39382 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2004 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref><ref name="parametric-draft">{{cite web|title=Text of ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/FPDAM2 (Parametric Audio) - N5713 |url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n5462t.doc |format=DOC |author=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 |date=2003-07-25 |access-date=2009-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225123/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n5462t.doc |archive-date=2014-05-12 }}</ref>
| 
|-
| 29
| PS ([[Parametric Stereo]])
| 2004<ref>{{cite web | title=3GPP TS 26.401 V6.0.0 (2004-09), General Audio Codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus General Audio Codec'''General''' Description (Release 6) | url=http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/26_series/26.401/26401-600.zip | format=DOC | author=3GPP | publisher=3GPP | date=2004-09-30 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref> and 2006<ref>{{cite web | title=ETSI TS 126 401 V6.1.0 (2004-12) - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)'''General''' audio codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec'''General''' description (3GPP TS 26.401 version 6.1.0 Release 6) | url=http://webapp.etsi.org/workprogram/Report_WorkItem.asp?wki_id=21806 | author=3GPP | publisher=3GPP | date=2005-01-04 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref><ref name="als">{{cite web | title=Audio Lossless Coding (ALS), new audio profiles and BSAC extensions, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43026 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2006 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| used with AAC LC and SBR in the "HE-AAC v2 Profile". PS coding tool was defined in 2004 and Object Type defined in 2006.
|-
| 30
| [[MPEG Surround]]
| 2007<ref>{{cite web | title=BSAC extensions and transport of MPEG Surround, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 5:2007 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44009 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2007 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| also known as MPEG Spatial Audio Coding (SAC), it is a type of spatial audio coding<ref name="mpeg-surround-tutorial">{{cite web | url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies/mpeg-d/mpd-mps/index.htm | title=Tutorial on MPEG Surround Audio Coding | author=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 | date=July 2005 | access-date=2010-02-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430175217/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/technologies/mpeg-d/mpd-mps/index.htm | archive-date=2010-04-30 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/technologies/mpd-mps/index.htm  | title=Tutorial on MPEG Surround Audio Coding | author=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 | date=July 2005 | access-date=2010-02-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080324164259/http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/technologies/mpd-mps/index.htm |archive-date = 2008-03-24}}</ref> (MPEG Surround was also defined in ISO/IEC 23003-1 in 2007<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44159 | title=ISO/IEC 23003-1:2007 - Information technology -- MPEG audio technologies -- Part 1: MPEG Surround | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | date=2007-01-29 | access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>)
|-
| 31
| (ESCAPE)
| 
| 
|-
| 32
| [[MP1|MPEG-1/2 Layer-1]]
| 2005<ref name="mpeg1-2">{{cite web | title=MPEG-1/2 audio in MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 3:2005 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39584 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2005 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| 
|-
| 33
| [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II|MPEG-1/2 Layer-2]]
| 2005<ref name="mpeg1-2" />
| 
|-
| 34
| [[MP3|MPEG-1/2 Layer-3]]
| 2005<ref name="mpeg1-2" />
| also known as "MP3onMP4"
|-
| 35
| DST ([[Direct Stream Transfer#DST|Direct Stream Transfer]])
| 2005<ref name="oversampled">{{cite web | title=Lossless coding of oversampled audio, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 6:2005 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41811 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2005 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| lossless audio coding, used on Super Audio CD
|-
| 36
| ALS ([[Audio Lossless Coding]])
| 2006<ref name="als"/>
| lossless audio coding
|-
| 37
| SLS ([[Scalable Lossless Coding]])
| 2006<ref name="sls">{{cite web | title=Scalable Lossless Coding (SLS), ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 3:2006 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43362 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2006 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| two-layer audio coding with lossless layer and lossy General Audio core/layer (e.g. AAC)
|-
| 38
| SLS non-core
| 2006
| lossless audio coding without lossy General Audio core/layer (e.g. AAC)
|-
| 39
| ER AAC ELD (Enhanced Low Delay)
| 2008<ref name="aac-eld">{{cite web | title=Enhanced low delay AAC, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 9:2008 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46457 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2008 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
| Error Resilient
|-
| 40
| SMR (Symbolic Music Representation) Simple
| 2008
| note: Symbolic Music Representation is also the [[MPEG-4]] Part 23 standard (ISO/IEC 14496-23:2008)<ref name="smr">{{cite web | title=ISO/IEC 14496-23:2008, Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 23: Symbolic Music Representation | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45531 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2008 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref><ref name="smr-part4">{{cite web | title=Symbolic Music Representation conformance, ISO/IEC 14496-4:2004/Amd 29:2008 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46593 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO | year=2008 | access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
|-
| 41
| SMR Main
| 2008
| 
|-
| 42
| USAC ([[Unified Speech and Audio Coding]])
| 2012
| Unified Speech and audio Coding is defined in [[MPEG-D]] Part 3 (ISO/IEC 23003-3:2012)<ref name="mpeg-d-usac">
{{cite web 
| title=ISO/IEC 23003-3:2012 - Information technology -- MPEG audio technologies -- Part 3: Unified speech and audio coding 
| url=http://www.iso.org/standard/57464.html 
| author=ISO 
| publisher=ISO 
| year=2012 
| access-date=2019-11-07}}
</ref>
|-
| 43
| SAOC (Spatial Audio Object Coding)
| 2010<ref name="saoc">
{{cite web 
| title=ISO/IEC 14496-3:2009/Amd 2:2010, ALS simple profile and transport of SAOC | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=54838 | author=ISO | publisher=ISO 
| year=2009 
| access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref><ref name="saoc-doc">
{{citation|title=ISO/IEC 14496-3:200X/PDAM 2 – ALS Simple Profile and Transport of SAOC, N10826 |url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n10483t.doc |author=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 
|format=DOC 
|date=2009-07-03 
|access-date=2009-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155217/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n10483t.doc |archive-date=2014-07-29 }}</ref>
| note: Spatial Audio Object Coding is also the [[MPEG-D]] Part 2 standard (ISO/IEC 23003-2:2010)<ref name="mpeg-d-saoc">
{{cite web 
| title=ISO/IEC 23003-2:2010 - Information technology -- MPEG audio technologies -- Part 2: Spatial Audio Object Coding (SAOC) 
| url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51827 
| author=ISO 
| publisher=ISO 
| year=2010 
| access-date=2010-12-27}}
</ref>
|-
| 44
| LD MPEG Surround
| 2010<ref>
{{citation|url=https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/iis/de/doc/ame/conference/AES-128-Convention_ANewParametricStereo-AndMultichannelExtension_AES8099.pdf 
|title=AES Convention Paper 8099 – A new parametric stereo and Multi Channel Extension for MPEG-4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC (AAC-ELD) 
|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>
| This object type conveys Low Delay MPEG Surround Coding side information (that was defined in MPEG-D Part 2 – ISO/IEC 23003-2<ref name="mpeg-d-saoc" />) in the MPEG-4 Audio framework.
|-
| 45
| SAOC-DE
| 2013
| Spatial Audio Object Coding Dialogue Enhancement
|-
| 46
| Audio Sync
| 2015
| The audio synchronization tool provides capability of synchronizing multiple contents in multiple devices.
|}