Editing Madrasa (section)

=== Arabic meaning ===
In the Arabic language, the word {{lang|ar|مدرسة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|madrasah}}'' simply means the same as ''school'' does in the English language, whether that is private, public or parochial school, as well as for any primary or secondary school whether [[Muslim]], non-Muslim, or secular.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/glossary-madrassa-or-madrasa-2352961|title=Alternate Spellings of Madrassa|work=ThoughtCo|access-date=2017-05-30|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014113940/https://www.thoughtco.com/glossary-madrassa-or-madrasa-2352961|url-status=live}}</ref><ref> ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|Madrasah ʻāmmah}}'' ({{langx|ar|مدرسة عامة}}) translates as '[[Public school (government funded)|public school]]', ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|madrasah khāṣṣah}}'' ({{langx|ar|مدرسة خاصة}}) translates as 'private school', ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|madrasah dīnīyah}}'' ({{langx|ar|مدرسة دينية}}) translates as '[[Parochial school|religious school]]', ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|madrasah Islāmīyah}}'' ({{langx|ar|مدرسة إسلامية}}) translates as 'Islamic school', and ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|madrasah jāmiʻah}}'' ({{langx|ar|مدرسة جامعة}}) translates as 'university'.</ref> Unlike the use of the word ''school'' in British English, the word ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|madrasah}}'' more closely resembles the term ''school'' in American English, in that it can refer to a university-level or post-graduate school as well as to a primary or secondary school. For example, in the [[Ottoman Empire]] during the [[Early Modern Period]], madrasas had lower schools and specialised schools where the students became known as ''danişmends''.<ref name="Ottoman">İnalcık, Halil. 1973. "Learning, the Medrese, and the Ulema." In ''The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600''. New York: Praeger, pp. 165–178.
</ref> In medieval usage, however, the term ''madrasah'' was usually specific to institutions of higher learning, which generally taught Islamic law and occasionally other subjects, as opposed to elementary schools or children's schools, which were usually known as ''[[Kuttab|kuttāb]]'', ''[[Khalwa (school)|khalwa]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=McHugh |first=Neil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJVh-uUNSAkC&dq=%22Khalwa%22+school+-wikipedia&pg=PA85 |title=Holymen of the Blue Nile: The Making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan, 1500-1850 |date=1994 |publisher=Northwestern University Press |isbn=978-0-8101-1069-4 |language=en}}</ref> or ''maktab''.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> The usual [[Arabic]] word for a university, however, is {{lang|ar|جامعة}} ''({{transliteration|ar|ALA|jāmiʻah}})''. The [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] [[cognate]] ''[[midrasha]]'' also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term ''[[midrash]]'' literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations.