Editing Malignancy (section)

===Triggers===
[[Infectious diseases]] play a role in the development of malignancy, with agents of infectious disease being able to produce a multitude of malignant cells.<ref name = "Callahan_1999">{{cite journal | vauthors = Callahan CM, Vincent AL, Greene JN, Sandin RL | title = Infectious Causes of Malignancy | journal = Cancer Control | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 294–300 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10758560 | doi = 10.1177/107327489900600314 | doi-access = free }}</ref> These include bacterial causes, fungal and parasitic causes and, viral causes.<ref name = "Callahan_1999" /> [[Bacteria]], [[fungi]] and similar [[pathogens]] have the ability to form an environment within states of chronic inflammation which gives rise to oncogenic potential.<ref name = "Callahan_1999" /> Viral agents are able to assist the formation of malignant tumours due to a mechanism of cell transformation.<ref name = "Callahan_1999" /> This cell transformation can occur through either "DNA integration or cellular-DNA alteration of growth regulator genes".<ref name = "Callahan_1999" /> [[Inflammation]] can also play a role in triggering malignancy as it can promote stages of tumour formation.<ref name = "Greten_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Greten FR, Grivennikov SI | title = Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences | journal = Immunity | volume = 51 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–41 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 31315034 | pmc = 6831096 | doi = 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025 }}</ref> The main purpose of inflammation is to repair tissue, defend the body against pathogens and regenerate cells.<ref name = "Greten_2019" /> At the same time, inflammatory cells can also interact with malignant cells to form an inflammatory tumour [[Microenvironment (biology)|microenvironment]].<ref name = "Greten_2019" /> This environment increases the likelihood of forming malignant cells through blockage of anti-tumour immunity.<ref name = "Greten_2019" /> Once this occurs, the inflammatory tumour microenvironment begins to send out tumour-promoting signals to [[epithelial]] cells, triggering the formation of malignant cells.<ref name = "Greten_2019" />