Editing Marmaray (section)

=== Second phase ===
The second phase of the project involved the renewal of the old suburban railway that ran between [[Halkalı railway station|Halkalı]] and [[Kazlıçeşme railway station|Kazlıçeşme]] on the European side of Istanbul and between [[Ayrılık Çeşmesi railway station|Ayrılıkçeşmesi]] and [[Gebze railway station|Gebze]] on the Asian side. The work was meant to be completed at the same time as the first phase (the tunnel and underground sections), but was delayed until March, 2019.

A third line was added to enable the [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) cars and other railway carriages to move separately.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Thirty-six above-ground stations along the line were rebuilt or completely refurbished.<ref name="ff">[http://www.marmaray.com/html/technical.html Facts and figures]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020115125/http://www.marmaray.com/html/technical.html |date=October 20, 2007 }}, web page at the Marmaray web site. Accessed on-line September 24, 2007.</ref><ref name="tt">[http://www.marmaray.com/html/gen_travel.html Travel time and alignment]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050302164438/http://marmaray.com/html/gen_travel.html |date=March 2, 2005 }}, web page at the Marmaray web site. Accessed on line, September 24, 2007.</ref> Signalling was also modernised to allow trains to travel as close as two minutes apart (although in reality far fewer trains than that actually run).

The suburban-rail upgrade part of the project, known originally as CR1, was first awarded to the AMD Rail Consortium, comprising Marubeni of Japan, Dogus Insaat of Turkey and Alstom of France.<ref name="cr3">{{cite news |date=November 3, 2011 |title=Marmaray railway upgrading contract awarded |work=[[Railway Gazette International]] |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/marmaray-upgrading-contract-awarded.html}}</ref> However, they were unable to complete the work and it was re-tendered as contract CR3 in early 2011. The replacement contract worth €932.8&nbsp;million was awarded to a joint venture between OHL and Invensys Rail.<ref name="cr3" />

[[File:Marmaray train in Bostancı station.jpg|thumb|A Marmaray train at [[Bostancı railway station|Bostancı]] station on the first day of operation of the Gebze–Halkalı line]]