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Mechanical engineering
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===Coursework=== Standards set by each country's accreditation society are intended to provide uniformity in fundamental subject material, promote competence among graduating engineers, and to maintain confidence in the engineering profession as a whole. Engineering programs in the U.S., for example, are required by ABET to show that their students can "work professionally in both thermal and mechanical systems areas."<ref>[http://www.abet.org/Linked%20Documents-UPDATE/Criteria%20and%20PP/E001%2008-09%20EAC%20Criteria%2011-30-07.pdf 2008-2009 ABET Criteria] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228132456/http://www.abet.org/Linked%20Documents-UPDATE/Criteria%20and%20PP/E001%2008-09%20EAC%20Criteria%2011-30-07.pdf |date=28 February 2008}}, p. 15.</ref><!-- A more general source would help here to cover non-US universities --> The specific courses required to graduate, however, may differ from program to program. Universities and [[Institute of technology|institutes of technology]] will often combine multiple subjects into a single class or split a subject into multiple classes, depending on the faculty available and the university's major area(s) of research. The fundamental subjects required for mechanical engineering usually include: * [[Mathematics]] (in particular, [[calculus]], [[differential equations]], and [[linear algebra]]) * Basic physical sciences (including [[physics]] and [[chemistry]]) * [[Statics]] and [[dynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]] * [[Strength of materials]] and [[solid mechanics]] * [[Materials engineering]], [[Composite material|composites]] * [[Thermodynamics]], [[heat transfer]], [[energy conversion]], and [[HVAC]] * [[Fuels]], [[combustion]], [[internal combustion engine]] * [[Fluid mechanics]] (including [[fluid statics]] and [[fluid dynamics]]) * [[Mechanism (engineering)|Mechanism]] and [[Machine (mechanical)|Machine]] design (including [[kinematics]] and [[dynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]]) * [[Instrumentation]] and [[measurement]] * [[Manufacturing engineering]], technology, or processes * [[Vibration]], [[control theory]] and [[control engineering]] * [[Hydraulics]] and [[Pneumatics]] * [[Mechatronics]] and [[robotics]] * [[Engineering design]] and [[product design]] * [[Engineering drawing|Drafting]], [[computer-aided design]] (CAD) and [[computer-aided manufacturing]] (CAM)<ref>[http://www.me.utulsa.edu/Undergraduate.html University of Tulsa Required ME Courses β Undergraduate Majors and Minors] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120804111337/http://www.me.utulsa.edu/Undergraduate.html |date=4 August 2012}}. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tulsa, 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.deas.harvard.edu/undergradstudy/engineeringsciences/mechanical/index.html Harvard Mechanical Engineering Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321201446/https://www.deas.harvard.edu/undergradstudy/engineeringsciences/mechanical/index.html |date=21 March 2007}}. Harvard.edu. Retrieved 19 June 2006.</ref> Mechanical engineers are also expected to understand and be able to apply basic concepts from chemistry, physics, [[tribology]], [[chemical engineering]], [[civil engineering]], and [[electrical engineering]]. All mechanical engineering programs include multiple semesters of mathematical classes including calculus, and advanced mathematical concepts including [[differential equations]], [[partial differential equations]], [[linear algebra]], [[differential geometry]], and [[statistics]], among others. In addition to the core mechanical engineering curriculum, many mechanical engineering programs offer more specialized programs and classes, such as [[control systems]], robotics, [[transport]] and [[logistics]], [[cryogenics]], [[fuel]] technology, [[automotive engineering]], [[biomechanics]], vibration, [[optics]] and others, if a separate department does not exist for these subjects.<ref>[http://student.mit.edu/catalog/m2a.html Mechanical Engineering courses], MIT. Retrieved 14 June 2008.</ref> Most mechanical engineering programs also require varying amounts of research or community projects to gain practical problem-solving experience. In the United States it is common for mechanical engineering students to complete one or more [[internship]]s while studying, though this is not typically mandated by the university. [[Cooperative education]] is another option. Future work skills<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apolloresearchinstitute.com/research-studies/workforce-preparedness/future-work-skills-2020 |title=Future Work Skills 2020 |access-date=5 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104231638/http://apolloresearchinstitute.com/research-studies/workforce-preparedness/future-work-skills-2020 |archive-date=4 November 2011}}. Apollo Research Institute, Future Work Skills 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2012.</ref> research puts demand on study components that feed student's creativity and innovation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaltodesignfactory.fi/why-do-we-need-creativity-and-innovation-in-higher-education/ |title=Why do we need creativity and innovation in higher education? | Aalto Design Factory |access-date=5 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116030843/http://www.aaltodesignfactory.fi/why-do-we-need-creativity-and-innovation-in-higher-education/ |archive-date=16 November 2012}} Aalto University School of Engineering, Design Factory β Researchers Blog. Retrieved 5 November 2012.</ref>
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