Editing Medieval architecture (section)

===Romanesque===
{{main article|Romanesque architecture}}
[[File:Pisa Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta Esterno Angolo Sud Ovest 4.jpg|thumb|[[Pisa Cathedral]] and the [[Leaning Tower of Pisa|Leaning Tower]] in the [[Pisan Romanesque style|Pisan Romanesque]] style.]]
The Romanesque style was predominant across Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries. It is characterized by rounded arches, by [[Barrel vault|barrel]] or [[Groin vault|groin]] vaulting and by thick walls. The first and greatest patrons of Romanesque architecture came from the Church, especially monastic traditions such as [[Cluny Abbey|Cluniacs]] and the [[Cistercian architecture|Cistercians]], but examples of [[Romanesque secular and domestic architecture|Romanesque civic and military buildings]] survive.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Hicks |first=Carola |title=Romanesque |date=2003-01-01 |work=The Oxford Companion to Western Art |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198662037.001.0001/acref-9780198662037-e-2260 |access-date=2024-12-09 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780198662037.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-866203-7|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The term 'Romanesque' (literally meaning 'in the manner of the Romans') was first used to describe the style in 1819.<ref>{{Citation |title=Romanesque, n. & adj. |date=2023-03-02 |work=Oxford English Dictionary |url=https://oed.com/dictionary/romanesque_n |access-date=2024-12-09 |edition=3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/oed/9822227393|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Although the style did draw on [[ancient Roman architecture]], it was ultimately an original style and had a wider range of influences than the name suggests.<ref name=":0" />

Examples of Romanesque architecture survive [[List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches|across Europe]], including in [[Norman architecture|England]], [[French Romanesque architecture|France]], [[List of Brick Romanesque buildings|Germany]], [[Pisan Romanesque style|Italy]], [[Romanesque architecture in Spain|Spain]], Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Sainte Chapelle - Upper level 1.jpg|thumb|320x320px|[[Sainte-Chapelle]], Paris, built in the [[Rayonnant]] Gothic style between 1238 and 1248.]]