Editing Microbial ecology (section)

== Microbial Applications in Biotechnology ==
Microbial interactions are found in bioremediation. Bioremediation is a technology that removes contaminants from soil<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Yue |last2=Yao |first2=Jun |last3=Yuan |first3=Zhimin |last4=Wang |first4=Tianqi |last5=Zhang |first5=Yiyue |last6=Wang |first6=Fei |date=2016-10-08 |title=Bioremediation of Cd by strain GZ-22 isolated from mine soil based on biosorption and microbially induced carbonate precipitation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7810-y |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=372–380 |doi=10.1007/s11356-016-7810-y |issn=0944-1344 |pmid=27722882|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and wastewater<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saeed |first1=Muhammad Usama |last2=Hussain |first2=Nazim |last3=Sumrin |first3=Aleena |last4=Shahbaz |first4=Areej |last5=Noor |first5=Saman |last6=Bilal |first6=Muhammad |last7=Aleya |first7=Lotfi |last8=Iqbal |first8=Hafiz M. N. |date=2022-04-20 |title=Microbial bioremediation strategies with wastewater treatment potentialities – A review |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721068303 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=818 |pages=151754 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151754 |issn=0048-9697 |pmid=34800451|url-access=subscription }}</ref> using microorganisms.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Bilal |first1=Muhammad |title=Laccase-Mediated Bioremediation of Dye-Based Hazardous Pollutants |date=2020 |work=Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World |pages=137–160 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48985-4_6 |access-date=2024-11-05 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-48985-4_6 |isbn=978-3-030-48984-7 |last2=Ashraf |first2=Syed Salman |last3=Iqbal |first3=Hafiz M. N.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Youkang |last2=Bai |first2=Yang |last3=Guo |first3=Qiu |last4=Li |first4=Zhiling |last5=Qi |first5=Mengyuan |last6=Ma |first6=Xiaodan |last7=Wang |first7=Hao |last8=Kong |first8=Deyong |last9=Wang |first9=Aijie |last10=Liang |first10=Bin |date=February 2019 |title=Bioremediation of contaminated urban river sediment with methanol stimulation: Metabolic processes accompanied with microbial community changes |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.396 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=653 |pages=649–657 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.396 |issn=0048-9697|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Examples of some microorganisms that play a role in bioremediation are the following: ''Pseudomonas'', ''Bacillus'', ''Arthrobacter'', ''Corynebacterium'', ''Methosinus'', ''Rhodococcus'', ''Stereum hirsutum'', [[methanogen]]s, ''Aspergilus niger'', Pleurotus ostreatus, ''Rhizopus arrhizus'', ''Azotobacter'', ''Alcaligenes'', ''Phormidium valderium'', and ''Ganoderma applantus''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Samakshi |last2=Kuila |first2=Arindam |date=2019-05-01 |title=Bioremediation of heavy metals by microbial process |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352186418305911 |journal=Environmental Technology & Innovation |volume=14 |pages=100369 |doi=10.1016/j.eti.2019.100369 |issn=2352-1864|url-access=subscription }}</ref>