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Millennium Technology Prize
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==Laureates== {| class="wikitable" |- !width=5%|Year !width=15%|Inventor !width=15%|Nationality !width=15%|Invention !width=50%|Notes |- | align="center" | 2004 | [[Tim Berners-Lee]] | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | [[World Wide Web]] | Inventor of the [[World Wide Web]] from [[United Kingdom]], was announced on April 15, 2004, as the first winner of the award. The Prize was presented to Berners-Lee at a ceremony in the [[Finlandia Hall]] in [[Helsinki]] by the President of Finland, [[Tarja Halonen]] on June 15, 2004. Selection committee studied 78 nominations from 22 countries for the 2004 prize. |- | align="center" | 2006 | [[Shuji Nakamura]] | {{flag|Japan}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(born)}}</small><br />{{flag|United States}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(citizen)}}</small><!-- USA citizen, born in Japan --> | [[Light-emitting diode#blue LED|Blue]] and [[Light-emitting diode#White|white]] [[Light-emitting diode|LEDs]] | Inventor of high brightness [[Light-emitting diode#White|blue and white LED]]s used in lighting, computer displays and new-generation DVDs, from [[California]], [[United States]], was announced on June 15, 2006, as the second winner of the award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2006/012148/2006-millennium-technology-prize|title=2006 Millennium Technology Prize Awarded to UCSB's Shuji Nakamura|publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara|author=Paul Desruisseaux|date=15 June 2006|accessdate=5 April 2020}}</ref> The Prize was presented to Nakamura at a ceremony in the [[Helsinki Fair Centre]] in [[Helsinki]] by the President of Finland Tarja Halonen on September 8, 2006. Selection committee studied 109 nominations from 32 countries for the 2006 prize. |- | align="center" rowspan="6"| 2008 | '''[[Robert S. Langer|Robert Langer]]''' (Grand Award winner) | {{flag|United States}} | [[Biomaterial|Innovative biomaterials for controlled drug release and tissue regeneration]] | Inventor of controlled drug release from the United States, was announced on June 11, 2008, as the third winner of the award. The prize 800,000 euros was presented to Langer at a ceremony in Helsinki by the President of Finland Tarja Halonen "for his invention and development of innovative biomaterials for controlled drug release and tissue regeneration that have saved human lives and improved the lives of millions of patients."<ref name="pr-leicester">{{cite press release|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/ebulletin-archive/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2008/06/nparticle.2008-06-11.html|title=2008 Millennium Technology Prize awarded to Professor Robert Langer for intelligent drug delivery|publisher=University of Leicester|date=June 11, 2008|accessdate=April 10, 2014}}</ref> |- | [[Alec Jeffreys]] (finalist and laureate) | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | [[DNA profiling|DNA fingerprinting technique]] |Committee's reasoning: "the DNA fingerprinting technique developed by Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys has revolutionized the field of forensic science and methods of defining family relationships." Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys was awarded a prize of 115,000 euros.<ref name="taf-pr-2012"/> |- | [[Andrew Viterbi]] (finalist and laureate) | {{flag|Italy}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(born)}}</small><br />{{flag|United States}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(citizen)}}</small><!-- USA citizen, born in Italy --> | [[Viterbi algorithm]] |Committee's reasoning: "Dr. Andrew Viterbi's innovation is the Viterbi algorithm, used to avoid errors in wireless communications systems and devices such as mobile phones." Dr. Andrew Viterbi was awarded a prize of 115,000 euros.<ref name="taf-pr-2012"/> |- | [[Emmanuel Desurvire]] (finalist and laureate) | {{flag|France}} |rowspan="3"| [[Optical amplifier#Doped fiber amplifiers|Erbium doped fiber amplifier]] |rowspan="3"|Committee's reasoning: "The fourth innovation awarded, the erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) invented by Professor Emmanuel Desurvire, Dr. Randy Giles and Professor David Payne, has vastly increased the transmission capacity of the global optical fibre networks that carry telephone and Internet communications signals." The group was awarded a prize of 115,000 euros.<ref name="taf-pr-2012"/> |- | [[Randy Giles]] (finalist and laureate) |{{flag|United States}} |- |[[David N. Payne]] (finalist and laureate) |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |- | align="center" rowspan="3" | 2010 | '''[[Michael Grätzel]]''' (Grand Award winner) | {{flag|Switzerland}} | [[Dye-sensitized solar cells]] | Inventor of third generation dye-sensitized solar cells. The president of Finland Tarja Halonen handed the 800,000 euros Grand Prize and the prize trophy "Peak" to Grätzel at the Grand Award Ceremony at the [[Finnish National Opera]] in Helsinki on 9 June 2010.<ref name=mtp2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumprize.fi/news/165/111/PROFESSOR-GRaeTZEL-WINS-THE-2010-MILLENNIUM-TECHNOLOGY-GRAND-PRIZE-FOR-DYE-SENSITIZED-SOLAR-CELLS/d,news_fi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012132602/http://www.millenniumprize.fi/news/165/111/PROFESSOR-GRaeTZEL-WINS-THE-2010-MILLENNIUM-TECHNOLOGY-GRAND-PRIZE-FOR-DYE-SENSITIZED-SOLAR-CELLS/d%2Cnews_fi/ |archivedate=October 12, 2011 |title=The Millennium Technology Prize: PROFESSOR GRÄTZEL WINS THE 2010 MILLENNIUM TECHNOLOGY GRAND PRIZE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS |publisher=Technology Academy Finland |date=June 6, 2010 |accessdate=April 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Richard Friend]] (finalist and laureate) | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | [[OLED|organic light-emitting diodes]] |Committee's reasoning: "The initial innovation of Professor Sir Richard Friend, organic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), was a crucial milestone in plastic electronics. Electronic paper, cheap organic solar cells and illuminating wall paper are examples of the revolutionary future products his work has made possible." Professor Sir Richard Friend was awarded a prize of 150,000 euros.<ref name=mtp2010/> |- | [[Stephen Furber]] (finalist and laureate) | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | [[ARM architecture|ARM 32-bit RISC microprocessor]] |Committee's reasoning: "Stephen Furber is the principal designer of the ARM 32-bit RISC microprocessor, an innovation that revolutionised mobile electronics. The ingeniously designed processor enabled the development of cheap, powerful handheld, battery-operated devices. In the past 25 years nearly 20 billion ARM based chips have been manufactured." Professor Stephen Furber was awarded a prize of 150,000 euros.<ref name=mtp2010/> |- | align="center" rowspan="2"| 2012 | [[Linus Torvalds]] | {{flag|Finland}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(born)}}</small><br />{{flag|United States}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(citizen)}}</small> | [[Linux kernel]] | Committee's reasoning: "for creating the Linux kernel, a new open source operating system for computers. 73,000 man years have been spent fine-tuning the code. Today millions use computers, smartphones and digital video recorders that run on Linux. Linus Torvalds's achievements have had a great impact on shared software development, networking and the openness of the web."<ref name="taf-pr-2012">{{cite press release|url=http://taf.fi/en/2012/06/13/stem-cell-scientist-and-open-source-software-engineer-are-named-joint-winners-of-the-2012-millennium-technology-prize/|title=Stem cell scientist and open source software engineer are named joint winners of the 2012 Millennium Technology Prize|publisher=Technology Academy Finland|date=June 13, 2012|accessdate=April 10, 2014}}</ref> |- | [[Shinya Yamanaka]] | {{flag|Japan}} | [[Induced pluripotent stem cell]] |Committee's reasoning: "in recognition of his discovery of a new method to develop induced pluripotent stem cells for medical research. Using his method to create stem cells, scientists all over the world are making great strides in research in medical drug testing and biotechnology. This should one day lead to the successful growth of implant tissues for clinical surgery and combating intractable diseases such as cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's."<ref name="taf-pr-2012"/> |- | align="center" | 2014 | [[Stuart Parkin]] | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | Advances in [[magnetic storage]] capacity |Committee's reasoning: "in recognition of his discoveries, which have enabled a thousand-fold increase in the storage capacity of magnetic disk drives. Parkin's innovations have led to a huge expansion of data acquisition and storage capacities, which in turn have underpinned the evolution of large data centres and cloud services, social networks, music and film distribution online."<ref name="taf-pr-2014">{{cite press release|url=http://taf.fi/en/2014/04/09/physicist-stuart-parkin-wins-2014-millennium-technology-prize-for-opening-big-data-era/|title=Physicist Stuart Parkin wins 2014 Millennium Technology Prize for opening big data era|publisher=Technology Academy Finland|date=April 9, 2014|accessdate=April 10, 2014}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2016 | [[Frances Arnold]] | {{flag|United States}} | [[Directed evolution]] |Committee's reasoning: "in recognition of her discoveries that launched the field of ‘directed evolution’, which mimics natural evolution to create new and better proteins in the laboratory. This technology uses the power of biology and evolution to solve many important problems, often replacing less efficient and sometimes harmful technologies. Thanks to directed evolution, sustainable development and clean technology become available in many areas of industry that no longer have to rely on non-renewable raw materials."<ref name="taf-pr-2016">{{cite press release|url=http://taf.fi/en/2016/05/24/biochemical-engineer-frances-arnold-wins-2016-millennium-technology-prize-for-directed-evolution-revolution/|title=Biochemical engineer Frances Arnold wins 2016 Millennium Technology Prize for 'directed evolution' revolution"}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2018 | [[Tuomo Suntola]] | {{flag|Finland}} | [[Atomic layer deposition]] |Committee's reasoning: "Suntola's prize-winning ALD (atomic layer deposition) innovation is a nanoscale technology in use all over the world. ALD is used to manufacture ultra-thin material layers for microprocessors and digital memory devices. The technology allows building of complex, three-dimensional structures one atomic layer at a time. The extremely thin isolating or conducting films needed in microprocessors and computer memory devices can only be manufactured using the ALD technology developed by Tuomo Suntola."<ref name="taf-pr-2018">{{cite press release|url=https://taf.fi/2018/05/22/2018-millennium-technology-prize-for-tuomo-suntola-finnish-physicists-innovation-enables-manufacture-and-development-of-information-technology-products//|title=2018 Millennium Technology Prize for Tuomo Suntola – Finnish physicist's innovation enables manufacture and development of information technology products"}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2020* | [[Shankar Balasubramanian]] & [[David Klenerman]] | {{flag|India}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(born)}}</small><br />{{flag|UK}} <small>{{font color|#2F4F4F|(citizen)}}</small><!-- UK citizen, born in India--> | [[next-generation sequencing|Next Generation DNA Sequencing]] |Committee's reasoning: "Professors Shankar Balasubramanian and David Klenerman received the 2020 Millennium Technology Prize for their innovation of Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS), technology that enables fast, accurate, low-cost and large-scale genome sequencing – the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s make-up. The innovation has enhanced our basic understanding of life and it has converted biosciences into “big science”.."<ref name="taf-pr-2020">{{cite press release|url=https://millenniumprize.org/winners/next-generation-dna-sequencing/|title=2020 Next Generation DNA Sequencing"}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2022 | [[Martin Green (professor)|Martin Green]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Templeton |first=Louise |date=2022-10-26 |title=UNSW Sydney solar pioneer wins Europe's biggest technology innovation prize |url=https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/unsw-sydney-solar-pioneer-wins-europes-biggest-technology-innovation-prize |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=UNSW Newsroom}}</ref> | {{flag|Australia}} | [[Crystalline silicon#PERC solar cell|Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC)]] | The Prize was presented to Green at a ceremony in [[Helsinki]] by the President of Finland, [[Sauli Niinistö]] on October 25, 2022. |- | align="center" | 2024 | [[B. Jayant Baliga]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Hasan |date=2024-09-05 |title=Meet the professor who just won the Millennium Technology Prize — and $1.1 million |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/millennium-technology-prize-baliga-semiconductor-invention-igbt-changed-world-2024-9 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> | {{flag|India}} {{small|(born)}}<br />{{flag|United States}} {{small|(citizen)}} | [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor]] (IGBT) | Committee's reasoning: "for his innovation that has enabled dramatic reduction in worldwide electrical energy and petrol consumption."<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://millenniumprize.org/winners/revolutionizing-global-electrification/ |title=2024 Revolutionizing global electrification |access-date=2024-09-21 |publisher=Millennium Technology Prize}}</ref> |} <nowiki>*</nowiki>The ceremony was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was held on 18 May 2021.
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