Editing Minuet (section)

=== Rhythm and form ===
[[File:Minuet dance pattern.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Minuet [[rhythm]]{{sfn|Blatter|2007|loc=28}}]]
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Bernhard Romberg - Flute Quintet in G Major - Minuet.ogg|title=2. Minuet|description=From [[Bernhard Romberg]]'s Flute Quintet in G major, Op. 1/3 (1798), [[James Galway]], flute; The Young Danish String Quartet}}
The name of this dance is also given to a musical composition written in the same time and [[rhythm]], though when not accompanying an actual dance the pace was quicker.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Stylistically refined minuets, apart from the social dance context, were introduced—to [[opera]] at first—by [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], who included no fewer than 92 of them in his theatrical works{{sfn|Little|2001}} and in the late 17th century the minuet was adopted into the [[suite (music)|suite]], such as some of the suites of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] and [[George Frideric Handel]]. Among Italian and some French composers the minuet was often considerably quicker and livelier and was sometimes written in {{music|time|3|8}} or {{music|time|6|8}} time<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Milner |first=Fuller |date=27 February 2017 |title=BEAUTY OF MUSIC {{!}} CHECK THE TEMPO |url=https://www.americanpianists.org/apa-blog/177-beauty-of-music-check-the-tempo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716030710/https://www.americanpianists.org/apa-blog/177-beauty-of-music-check-the-tempo |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=American Pianists}}</ref> Because the tempo of a minuet was not standard, the tempo direction ''tempo di minuetto'' was ambiguous unless qualified by another direction, as it sometimes was.{{sfn|Russell|2001}}

Initially, before its adoption in contexts other than social dance, the minuet was usually in [[binary form]], with two repeated sections of usually eight [[bar (music)|bars]] each. But the second section eventually expanded, resulting in a kind of [[ternary form]]. The second (or middle) minuet provided a form of contrast by means of different key (although in many works, the second minuet stayed in the same key as the first minuet), orchestration, and thematic material. On a larger scale, two such minuets might be further combined, so that the first minuet was followed by a second one and then by a repetition of the first. The whole form might in any case be repeated as long as the dance lasted.

==== Minuet and trio ====
Around the time of [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], it became a common practice to score this middle section for a [[trio (music)|trio]] (such as two [[oboe]]s and a [[bassoon]], as is common in Lully). As a result, this middle section came to be called the minuet's ''trio'', even when no trace of such an orchestration remains.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minuet |url=http://clickdavao.com/encyclopedia/view_content.php?contentid=Minuet&title=Dance |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=clickdavao.com}}</ref> The overall structure is called rounded binary or [[Binary form#Simple vs. rounded|minuet form]]:{{sfn|Rosen|1988|loc=29}}
:{|class="wikitable"
| A || B || A or A′
|-
| I (→ V) || V or I<small>(or other [[closely related key|closely related]])</small> || I
|}
After these developments by Lully, composers occasionally inserted a modified repetition of the first (A) section or a section that contrasted with both the A section and what was thereby rendered the third or C section, yielding the form A–A′–B–A or A–B–C–A, respectively; an example of the latter is the third movement of Mozart's Serenade No. 13 in G major, [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 525, popularly known under the title ''[[Eine kleine Nachtmusik]]''.

A livelier form of the minuet simultaneously developed into the [[scherzo]] (which was generally also coupled with a trio). This term came into existence approximately from [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] onwards, but the form itself can be traced back to [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]].

The '''minuet and trio''' eventually became the standard third movement in the four-movement [[classical music era|classical]] [[symphony]], [[Johann Stamitz]] being the first to employ it thus with regularity.{{sfn|Langford|2019|loc={{Page needed|date=April 2020}}}}

An example of the true form of the minuet is to be found in ''[[Don Giovanni]]''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

A famous example of a more recent instrumental work in minuet form is [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]]'s [[Minuet in G (Paderewski)|Minuet in G]].