Editing Monkeys and apes in space (section)

==Soviet Union and Russia==
The [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet]] /[[Russia]]n space program used only [[rhesus macaque]]s in its [[Bion (satellite)|Bion satellite program]] in 1980s and 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/overview/Cosmos_Biosat.html |title=The Cosmos Biosatellite Program |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215143205/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/overview/Cosmos_Biosat.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 }}</ref> The names of the monkeys began with sequential letters of the [[Russian alphabet]] (А, Б, В, Г, Д, Е, Ё, Ж, З...). The animals all survived their missions but for a single fatality in post-flight surgery, after which the program was canceled.

#The first monkeys launched by Soviet space program, Abrek and Bion, flew on [[Bion 6]]. They remained aloft from December 14, 1983 – December 20, 1983.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_1514/Cosmos_1514.html |title=Bion 6 (Cosmos 1514) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929212603/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_1514/Cosmos_1514.html |archive-date=September 29, 2006 }}</ref>
#Next came [[Bion 7]] with monkeys Verny and Gordy from July 10, 1985 – July 17, 1985.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_1667/Cosmos_1667.html |title=Bion 7 (Cosmos 1667) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929212733/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_1667/Cosmos_1667.html |archive-date=September 29, 2006 }}</ref>
#Then Dryoma and Yerosha on [[Bion 8]] from September 29, 1987 – October 12, 1987.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_1887/Cosmos_1887.html |title=Bion 8 (Cosmos 1887) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215163524/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_1887/Cosmos_1887.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 }}</ref> After returning from space Dryoma was presented to [[Cuba]]n leader [[Fidel Castro]].{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}
#[[Bion 9]] with monkeys Zhakonya and Zabiyaka followed from September 15, 1989, to September 28, 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_2044/Cosmos_2044.html |title=Bion 9 (Cosmos 2044) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929212240/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_2044/Cosmos_2044.html |archive-date=September 29, 2006 }}</ref> The two took the space endurance record for monkeys at 13 days, 17 hours in space.
#Monkeys Ivasha and Krosh flew on [[Bion 10]] from December 29, 1992, to January 7, 1993.<ref>{{cite web  |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis2/Chapter4_Programs/Cosmos2229/Cosmos2229.html  |title=Cosmos 2229 (Bion 10)  |url-status=dead  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616070350/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis2/Chapter4_Programs/Cosmos2229/Cosmos2229.html  |archive-date=June 16, 2011 }}</ref> Krosh produced offspring, after rehabilitation upon returning to Earth.
#Lapik and Multik were the last monkeys in space until [[Iran]] launched one of its own in 2013. The pair flew aboard [[Bion 11]] from December 24, 1996, to January 7, 1997.<ref name="lsda.jsc.nasa.gov">{{cite web |url=http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/mission/miss.aspx?mis_index=135 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231050705/http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/mission/miss.aspx?mis_index=135 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 31, 2014 |title=Life Sciences Data Archive, Bion 11}}</ref> Upon return, Multik died while under anesthesia for US biopsy sampling on January 8. Lapik nearly died while undergoing the identical procedure. No follow-up research has been conducted to determine whether these two incidents, together with the 1959 loss of the US monkey Able in post-flight surgery, contraindicate the administration of anesthesia during or shortly after spaceflights. Further US support of the Bion program was canceled.<ref name="lsda.jsc.nasa.gov"/>