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Morphosyntactic alignment
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====Bickel & Nichols (2009)==== Listed below are argument roles used by Bickel and Nichols for the description of alignment types.<ref>[[Balthasar Bickel|Bickel, B]]. & [[Johanna Nichols|Nichols, J]]. (2009). Case marking and alignment. In A. Malchukov & A. Spencer (Eds.), ''The Oxford Handbook of Case'' (pp. 304-321). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.</ref> Their taxonomy is based on [[Thematic relation|semantic roles]] and [[Valency (linguistics)|valency]] (the number of arguments controlled by a [[Predicate (grammar)|predicate]]). *'''S''', the sole argument of a one-place predicate *'''A''', the more agent-like arguments of a two-place (A1) or three-place (A2) predicate *'''O''', the less agent-like argument of a two-place predicate *'''G''', the more goal-like argument of a three-place predicate *'''T''', the non-goal-like and non-agent-like argument of a three-place predicate
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