Editing Mount Merapi (section)

===Geological history===
[[File:Prambanan Java243.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Merapi viewed from 9th-century [[Prambanan]] Hindu temple, built during [[Mataram Kingdom]] era]]
Merapi is the youngest in a group of volcanoes in southern [[Java]]. It is situated at a [[subduction]] zone, where the [[Indo-Australian plate]] is subducting under the [[Sunda plate]]. It is one of at least 129 active volcanoes in Indonesia, part of the volcano is located in the Southeastern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire—a section of fault lines stretching from the Western Hemisphere through Japan and South East Asia.<ref name="StraitsTimes" /> Stratigraphic analysis reveals that eruptions in the Merapi area began about 400,000 years ago, and from then until about 10,000 years ago, eruptions were typically effusive, and the out flowing [[lava]] emitted was [[basalt]]ic. Since then, eruptions have become more explosive, with viscous [[andesite|andesitic]] lavas often generating [[lava dome]]s. Dome collapse has often generated [[pyroclastic flow]]s, and larger explosions, which have resulted in [[eruption column]]s, have also generated pyroclastic flows through column collapse.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gertisser|first1=R.|last2=Charbonnier|first2=S. J.|last3=Troll|first3=V. R.|last4=Keller|first4=J.|last5=Preece|first5=K.|last6=Chadwick|first6=J. P.|last7=Barclay|first7=J.|last8=Herd|first8=R. A.|year=2011|title=Merapi (Java, Indonesia): anatomy of a killer volcano|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00786.x|journal=Geology Today|language=en|volume=27|issue=2|pages=57–62|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00786.x|bibcode=2011GeolT..27...57G|s2cid=128763644|issn=1365-2451|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628174603/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00786.x|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Typically, small eruptions occur every two to three years, and larger ones every 10–15 years or so. Notable eruptions, often causing many deaths, have occurred in 1006, 1786, 1822, 1872, and 1930. Thirteen villages were destroyed in the latter one, and 1,400 people were killed by pyroclastic flows.
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Uitbarsting van de Merapi in 1930 TMnr 10003995.jpg|thumb|Merapi in 1930]]
The very large eruption in 1006 is claimed to have covered all of central Java with [[Volcanic ash|ash]]. The volcanic devastation is claimed to have led to the collapse of the [[Hindu]] [[Kingdom of Mataram]]; however, the evidence from that era is insufficient for this to be substantiated.