Editing Mount Roskill (section)

==History==
===Early history and colonial era===
[[File:Maori carvings at the Winstone Park.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Māori culture|Māori]] carved gate at Winstone Park on the road to [[Puketāpapa]]/Mount Roskill]]

The area has been settled by [[Tāmaki Māori]] [[iwi]] [[hapū]] and since at least the 13th century.<ref name="Waikōwhai Coast">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/local-boards/all-local-boards/puketapapa-local-board/docsheritagestudies/waikowhai-coast-heritage-study.pdf |title=Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Pishief |first2=Brendan |last2=Shirley|date=August 2015|publisher=[[Auckland Council]]|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> The [[Oakley Creek]], traditionally known as Te Auaunga,<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/local-boards/all-local-boards/whau-local-board/Documents/whau-neighbourhood-greenways.pdf |title=Whau Neighbourhood Greenways |date=August 2015 |author=[[Whau Local Board]] |access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref> was a [[crayfish]], eels and [[weka]] for [[Tāmaki Māori]]. Harakeke ([[Phormium tenax|New Zealand flax]]) and [[raupō]], which grew along the banks of the creek, were harvested here to create [[Māori traditional textiles]].{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=12–17}} By the early 18th century, the area was within the [[rohe]] of [[Waiohua]].<ref name="Waikōwhai Coast"/> In this period, Puketāpapa was the site of a fortified [[pā]].{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=19}} After the defeat of [[Kiwi Tāmaki]], the paramount chief of the iwi, the area became part of the rohe of [[Ngāti Whātua]] (modern-day [[Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei]]).<ref name="Waikōwhai Coast"/><ref name="Kāwharu_lecture">{{cite speech |title=Land and Identity in Tāmaki: a Ngāti Whātua Perspective |first=Hugh |last=Kāwharu |author-link=Hugh Kāwharu |event=[[Edmund Hillary|Hillary]] Lecture |location=Auckland, New Zealand |institution=[[Auckland War Memorial Museum]] |date=2001 |url=http://tekakano.aucklandmuseum.com/images/common/landandidentitylecturenotes.pdf |access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102043426/https://tekakano.aucklandmuseum.com/images/common/landandidentitylecturenotes.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> During the early 19th century, the focus of life for Ngāti Whātua was at [[Onehunga]] and [[Māngere Bridge (suburb)|Māngere]],<ref name="OnehungaHeritageReport">{{Cite web| first=Malcolm |last=Patterson | title = Ngati Whatua o Orakei Heritage Report for State Highway 20; Transit Manukau Harbour Crossing  |url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/proposal/NSP000038/Evidence/8168b606f5/EWL-Rebuttal-Ngati-Whatua-O-Orakei-Onehunga-Report-MPatterson.pdf |date=21 March 2008 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Authority (New Zealand)|Environmental Protection Authority]] | access-date = 21 October 2021 |pages=6–7}}</ref> and the Mount Roskill area was used seasonally.<ref name="Kāwharu_lecture"/>

Mount Roskill formed a part of a land sale between Ngāti Whātua and the [[New Zealand Government|Crown]] on 29 June 1841.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=19}} In 1845, Alexander Kennedy of the Union Bank of Australia, purchased much of the area from the Crown, on-selling this to Joseph May in 1849.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=19}} The Crown sold further parcels of land to settlers in 1848 and 1849,{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=28}} and the area developed into farmland by the late 19th century.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=59–60}} A number of large country estates owned by wealthier families were found in the Mount Roskill farmland, such as Joseph May's estate, which was redeveloped into the Akarana Golf Clubhouse.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=29, 32}} The area was known to early settlers as a good location for raising ducks and geese, and as a source of water for cattle.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=12}} While the area close to [[Three Kings, New Zealand|Three Kings]] in the north had fertile farmland, the southern area of Mount Roskill along the Hillsborough ridge was not as profitable.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=59–60}}

In the early 1910s, Mount Roskill became known for its strawberry farms, primarily those operated by William Johnston and Teddy Edwards. After [[World War I]] and the return of servicemen, a number of unprofitable strawberry farms were set up in the area, crashing the strawberry market only a decade later.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=59–60}} During the 1920s, [[Chinese New Zealander]]s Quong Sing and Wong Key developed [[market gardens]] at Mount Roskill.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=59–60}}

===Suburban development===
[[File:State Housing, Mt. Roskill, Auckland (FL25782253).jpg|thumb|State housing in Mount Roskill, circa the 1940s]]

Beginning in the 1920s, private housing estates began developing at Mount Roskill. One of the first developments was the Victory Estate, which was constructed around Dominion Road the 1920s.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=65}} This was followed by the Winstone Estate, which developed at the foot of Puketāpapa from 1932.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=19}}

In 1930, the [[Auckland tramway network]] was extended south along [[Dominion Road]], reaching Mount Albert Road and creating a new terminus,{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=55}} around which a shopping centre developed (now known as the Mount Roskill Town Centre).{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=77}} Starting in 1939, a large state housing development occurred in Mount Roskill, due to the land at the end of tramways was comparatively cheap to develop.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=71–72}} By 1947, 1,085 new houses had been built in the area, a figure which had grown to 2,529 by 1953.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=77}} The state housing developments in the area created a quick growth in population, going from 6,979 residents in 1936 to 25,549 in 1956.<ref>{{cite book | last=Bloomfield | first=Gerald Taylor | title=The Evolution of Local Government Areas in Metropolitan Auckland, 1840-1971 | publisher=[Auckland] : Auckland University Press | publication-place=Auckland | date=1973 | isbn=0-19-647714-X |page=70}}</ref> Around 600 houses were part of the government's development at the Lower Wesley Estate, an area west of [[Three Kings, New Zealand|Three Kings]] purchased from the Wesley Trust.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=71–72}}

Mount Roskill became a borough in 1947,{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=71–72}} which meant that Mount Roskill now had a mayor, a local council and were able to invest more into the area. One of the earliest issues faced by the new borough was improving stormwater works for housing around the Oakley Creek, after substantial floods in [[Wesley, New Zealand|Wesley]] in 1948 and 1953.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=78–80}} During the 1950s, the suburb became known as the "[[Bible Belt]]" of [[Auckland]], due to the area's conservative Presbyterian mayor [[Keith Hay]], and because the area had the highest per capita number of churches in New Zealand.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=93}}<ref name="AucklandPlaces">{{cite web|title=Auckland places – Western suburbs: Ponsonby to Hillsborough |first=Margaret |last=McClure |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/auckland-places/page-11 |website=Te Ara |date=1 August 2016 |access-date=21 February 2023}}</ref>

Over time the image of Mount Roskill as a conservative Christian area waned, after a large influx of migrants and refugees into the area.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=95}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11447270|title=God and money: Interactive map shows rich suburbs have most atheists|date=2015-05-13|work= [[The New Zealand Herald]]|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref> The 2006 film ''[[No. 2 (film)|No. 2]]'', shot in Mount Roskill, was inspired by director [[Toa Fraser]]'s experiences of growing up in Mount Roskill as a multicultural place.{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=143–144}}

The area was one of the last in the country to go "wet", in 1999, having formally been a dry area where the selling of alcohol was prohibited.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/71757291/tawa-ditches-prohibition-a-century-after-banning-alcohol--150-years-of-news |title=Tawa ditches prohibition a century after banning alcohol – 150 years of news |date=4 September 2015 |publisher=Stuff.co.nz |access-date=2017-04-10}}</ref>{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=92}}

In the early 2000s, work began on extending the [[State Highway 20 (New Zealand)|Southwestern Motorway]] north of [[Hillsborough, Auckland|Hillsborough]]. This led to 120 properties in Mount Roskill being purchased, in order to make way for the new motorway.<ref name="Dearnaley">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10572916&pnum=0 |title=Another piece slots into city's commuter jigsaw |last1=Dearnaley |first1=Mathew |date=18 May 2009 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=5 March 2010}}</ref>{{sfn|Reidy|2013|pp=136–137}}