Editing Mu (negative) (section)

==Meanings==
Some English translation equivalents of {{Transliteration|zh|wu}} or {{Transliteration|ja|mu}} are:
*"no", "not", "nothing", or "without"<ref name="baroni">Baroni, Helen Josephine. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=smNM4ElP3XgC&dq=joshu+dog+rinzai&pg=PA229 The illustrated encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism]'', p. 228.</ref>
*"nothing", "not", "nothingness", "un-", "is not", "has not", "not any"<ref name="shambhala">Fischer-Schreiber, I., Ehrhard, R. K. & Diener, M. S. (1991). ''The Shambhala dictionary of Buddhism and Zen'' (M. H. Kohn, Trans.). Boston: Shambhala. P. 147.</ref>
*# Pure awareness, prior to experience or knowledge. This meaning is used especially by the [[Chan Buddhism|Chan school]] of Buddhism. 
*# A negative.
*# Caused to be nonexistent.
*# Impossible; lacking reason or cause.
*# [[Nonexistence]]; nonbeing; not having; a lack of, without.
*# The "original nonbeing" from which being is produced in the ''[[Tao Te Ching]]''.<ref name="無">[http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?71.xml+id('b7121') Muller, A. Charles, ed. ''Digital Dictionary of Buddhism'' (Edition of 2010 July 31) page: "''non-existent''"]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Note this quoted definition is abridged.</ref>

In modern Chinese, Japanese and Korean it is commonly used in combination words as a [[Affirmation and negation|negative]] [[prefix]] to indicate the absence of something (no ..., without ..., un- prefix), e.g., {{lang-zh|c=无-线|p=wú-xiàn}}/{{Nihongo||無-線|mu-sen}}/{{Transliteration|ko|mu-seon}} ({{lang|ko|무-선}}) for "wireless".<ref>[[WWWJDIC]]: 無-; 无- 【む-】 (n) (1) nothing; naught; nought; nil; zero; (pref) (2) un-; non-</ref> In [[Classical Chinese]], it is an [[impersonal verb|impersonal existential verb]] meaning "not have".<ref>{{cite book |title=Outline of classical Chinese grammar |last=Pulleyblank |first=E.G. |author-link=Edwin G. Pulleyblank |year=1995 |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver |isbn=978-0-7748-0541-4 |page=30 }}</ref>

The same character is also used in Classical Chinese as a [[imperative mood|prohibitive]] [[grammatical particle|particle]], though in this case it is more properly written {{lang-zh|c=毋|p=wú}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=Outline of classical Chinese grammar |last=Pulleyblank |first=E.G. |author-link=Edwin G. Pulleyblank |year=1995 |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver |isbn=978-0-7748-0541-4 |page=107 }}</ref>