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Muisca
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=== Muisca era === Scholars agree that the group identified as Muisca migrated to the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the [[Formative stage]] (between 1000 BCE and 500 CE), as shown by evidence found at [[Aguazuque]] and [[Soacha]]. Like the other formative-era cultures of America, the Muiscas were transitioning between being hunter-gatherers and becoming sedentary farmers. Around 1500 BCE, groups of agrarians with ceramic traditions came to the region from the lowlands. They had permanent housing and stationary camps, and worked the salty water to extract salt. In [[Zipacón]], there is evidence of agriculture and ceramics; the oldest settlement of the highlands dates to 1270 BCE. Between 800 BCE and 500 BCE, a second wave of migrants came to the highlands. Their presence is identified by multicolor ceramics, housing, and farms. These groups were still in residence upon the arrival of the Spanish invaders. They left abundant traces of their occupation that have been studied since the 16th century, allowing scientists to reconstruct their way of life. The Muisca may have integrated with more ancient inhabitants, but the Muisca were the ones who molded the cultural profile and the social and political organization. Their language, a dialect of [[Chibcha language|Chibcha]], was very similar to those peoples of the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]] ([[Kogi people|Kogi]], Ijka, [[Wiwa people|Wiwa]], and [[Kankuamo people|Kankuamo]]) and the [[Sierra Nevada del Cocuy]] ([[U'wa people|U'wa]]). ==== Wars ==== {{main|Muisca warfare}} ''Zipa'' [[Saguamanchica]] (ruled 1470 to 1490) was in a constant war against aggressive tribes such as the [[Sutagao people|Sutagao]], and especially the [[Panche people|Panche]], who would also make difficulties for his successors, [[Nemequene]] and [[Tisquesusa]]. [[Kalina people|Kalina Caribs]] were also a permanent threat as rivals of the ''zaque'' of [[Tunja|Hunza]], especially for the possession of the [[salt mine]]s of [[Zipaquirá]], [[Nemocón]] and [[Tausa]].
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