Editing NES Zapper (section)

===North America===
[[File:Nintendo Advanced Video System (retouched).jpg|thumb|The prototype Advanced Video System and its accessories, including a wireless light gun]]
In January 1985, at the Winter [[Consumer Electronics Show]] (CES), [[Nintendo of America]] presented the [[Advanced Video System]], a prototype American redesign of the Famicom, which was pitched as a high-end piece of consumer electronics.<ref name="VGHF">{{cite web |last1=Cifaldi |first1=Frank |title=The NES Launch Collection |url=https://gamehistory.org/nes-launch-collection-1985/ |website=Video Game History Foundation |access-date=July 13, 2024 |date=February 27, 2017 |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721182321/https://gamehistory.org/nes-launch-collection-1985/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its bundle of wireless peripherals includes a computer keyboard, music keyboard, and a combination light wand and gun.<ref>Nintendo Advanced Video System Winter 1985 CES brochure. "We also make lots of other wireless peripherals for the Advanced Video System. Like a joystick. A combination light wand and gun. A data recorder. Even a keyboard. In fact, the only wires you'll find are the two cords that plug the cartridge into the wall and into your television."</ref><ref name="Ultimate History">{{cite book |last=Kent |first=Steven L. |author-link=Steven L. Kent |title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World |year=2001 |publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]] |location=Roseville, California |isbn=0-7615-3643-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent/mode/2up |pages=286–297}}</ref> The "combination light wand and gun" has an adjustable handle for either mode.<ref>Nintendo Advanced Video System Winter 1985 CES brochure. "And because of a unique light sensor built into the cordless wand/gun, playing is as simple as pointing and shooting. It even has a two-position handle so you can use it as either a target gun or pointing wand."</ref> However, North American retailers were still apprehensive to re-enter the video game market after the [[video game crash of 1983]],<ref name="In Their Words">{{cite web |last1=Cifaldi |first1=Frank |title=In Their Words: Remembering the Launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/10/19/in-their-words-remembering-the-launch-of-the-nintendo-entertainment-system |website=IGN |date=October 19, 2015 |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702083259/https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/10/19/in-their-words-remembering-the-launch-of-the-nintendo-entertainment-system |url-status=live }}</ref> placing no orders.<ref name="Ultimate History"/>

After the poor reception at the Consumer Electronics Show, Nintendo revised its marketing strategy to avoid the crashed video game market in favor of the toy market, [[History of the Nintendo Entertainment System#1985: Redesign as the Nintendo Entertainment System|redesigning it as the Nintendo Entertainment System]]. Expensive wireless technology was abandoned,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dodd |first1=Randall |title=Nintendo system tried to walk line between game and computer |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=WORLDNEWS&req_dat=C12EB6BE1393489FA580F5880B8B058E&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB531CB4740DC75 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=April 13, 1986 |page=K6 |via=[[NewsBank]]}}</ref> and the light gun and wand became the wired Zapper. The NES ports of Nintendo's existing hit arcade games ''[[Duck Hunt]]'' and ''[[Hogan's Alley (video game)|Hogan's Alley]]'' were used to position the NES as a [[gun game]] instead of a video game system, and [[Nintendo Research & Development 1]] developed the [[R.O.B.]] (Robotic Operating Buddy) accessory toy.<ref name="Ultimate History"/> On October 18, 1985, the NES was [[History of the Nintendo Entertainment System#1985–1986: North American launch|launched in the New York City test market]],<ref name="wired">{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/ |title=Oct. 18, 1985: Nintendo Entertainment System Launches |date=October 18, 2010 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]] |access-date=July 13, 2024 |last1=Kohler |first1=Chris |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126134701/https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ultimate History"/> bundled with the Control Deck, Zapper, R.O.B., two controllers, ''[[Duck Hunt]]'', and ''[[Gyromite]]''.<ref name="Ultimate History"/> After successful launch in New York, the NES was gradually rolled out to other major markets in the United States, starting with Los Angeles in February 1986 and followed by other major American cities,<ref name="CEJanuary86">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |title=Nintendo's Market to Expand |date=January 1986 |volume=4 |issue=10 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-4-10/page/n1/mode/2up |page=3 |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref><ref name="CEFebruary96">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |title=Nintendo Update |date=February 1986 |volume=4 |issue=11 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-4-11/page/n11/mode/2up |page=13 |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> culminating in the nationwide launch in July 1986.<ref name="CEJuly96">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |title=Nintendo Goes National |date=July 1986 |volume=5 |issue=4 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-5-4/page/12/mode/2up |page=12 |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref>

In June 1986, the original launch bundle was rebranded as the Deluxe Set, and a cheaper bundle was launched with two controllers and ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' Now no longer bundled with every system, the Zapper and R.O.B. were made available for individual sale.<ref name="CEJune86">{{cite magazine |title=New Way to Buy Nintendo System |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-5-3/page/12/mode/2up |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=June 1986 |page=13}}</ref> In January 1988, at the Winter CES, the orange Zapper revision was announced (as had been required by the Federal Toy Gun Law of 1987<ref name="Difficult"/><ref name="Shootings"/>) within the new Action Set bundle of the NES. Also announced was the third-party Zapper game ''[[Freedom Force (1988 video game)|Freedom Force]]''.<ref name="CEJan88">{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] | title=Nintendo Makes Big Impression at CES | date=January 1988 | volume=6 | issue=10 | via=[[Internet Archive]] | url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-6-10/page/n9/mode/2up | page=10 | access-date=July 15, 2024}}</ref> In June, at the Summer CES, the Power Set was announced for release that year, bundling the orange Zapper.<ref name="CEJune88">{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] | title=Activity at Nintendo's CES "Mega-Booth" | date=June 1988 | volume=7 | issue=3 | via=[[Internet Archive]] | url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-7-3/page/8/mode/2up | page=9 | access-date=July 13, 2024}}</ref> In 1989, the orange Zapper was released.<ref name="Zapper Manual 1989"/>