Editing Naturalization (section)

== Mass naturalizations ==
A few rare mass naturalization processes have been implemented by nation states. In 1891, Brazil granted naturalization to all aliens living in the country.<ref>[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituiçao91.htm Constituição Da República Dos EstadosUnidos Do Brasil (De 24 De Fevereiro De 1891)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804130509/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constitui%C3%A7ao91.htm |date=2013-08-04 }}, Presidência da República – Casa Civil, art. 69</ref> In 1922, [[History of Greece|Greece]] massively naturalized all the Greek refugees coming from [[History of the Republic of Turkey|Turkey]]. The second massive naturalization process was in favor of Armenian refugees coming from Turkey, who went to [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]] or other former [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman countries]]. Reciprocally, Turkey massively naturalized the refugees of Turkish descent or other ethnic backgrounds in Muslim creed from these countries during a redemption process.

[[Canada]] instituted a mass naturalization by [[Act of Parliament]] with the enactment of the [[Canadian Citizenship Act 1946]].

After [[annexation]] of the territories east of the [[Curzon line]] by the [[Soviet Union]] in 1945, Soviets naturalized ''en masse'' all the inhabitants of those territories—including ethnic [[Polish people|Poles]], as well as its other citizens who had been deported into the Soviet Union, mainly to [[Kazakhstan]]. Those people were forcibly naturalized as Soviet citizens.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} Later on{{When|date=January 2022}}, [[Germany]] granted to the ethnic [[Germans|German]] population in [[Russia]] and Kazakhstan full citizenship rights. Poland has a limited [[repatriation]] program in place.

In the late 1970s, President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] facilitated the mass naturalization of ethnic Chinese in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pacho |first1=Arturo |title=The Naturalization Process and the Chinese in the Philippines |journal=Philippine Journal of Public Administration |date=July 1980 |volume=XXIV |issue=3 |url=https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Philippine%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Administration/1980/Num%203/05_The%20Naturalization%20Process%20and%20the%20Chinese.pdf |access-date=31 October 2023}}</ref>

The most recent massive naturalization case resulted from the [[Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002)|Argentine economic crisis]] in the beginning of the 21st century. Existing or slightly updated [[right of return]] laws in [[Spain]] and [[Italy]] allowed many of their [[diaspora|diasporic]] descendants to obtain—in many cases to regain—naturalization in virtue of ''[[jus sanguinis]]'', as in the Greek case. Hence, many Argentines acquired European nationality.

Since the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] grants citizenship only to those "born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof", and the original [[United States Constitution]] only grants Congress the power of naturalization, it could be argued that all acts of Congress that expand the right of citizenship are cases of mass naturalization.  This includes the acts that extended U.S. citizenship to citizens of [[Puerto Rico]], the [[United States Virgin Islands]], [[Guam]], and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], as well as the [[Indian Citizenship Act of 1924]] which made all [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] citizens (most of them were previously excluded under the "jurisdiction" clause of the 14th Amendment).

In the eastern Malaysian state of [[Sabah]], mass naturalization also occurred during the administration of [[United Sabah National Organisation]] (USNO) and [[Sabah People's United Front]] (BERJAYA's) Muslim-dominated political parties to increase the Muslim population in the territory by naturalising immigrants and refugees from the mainly-Muslim dominated areas of [[Mindanao]] and [[Sulu Archipelago]] of the Philippines and [[Sulawesi]] of Indonesia.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kamal|last=Sadiq|title=Paper Citizens: How Illegal Immigrants Acquire Citizenship in Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDa6LrF1yCIC&pg=PA49|date=2 December 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970780-5|pages=49–178}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.sabah.gov.my/lbk/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=79&Itemid=538|title=Mustapha Bertanggungjawab Ubah Demografi Sabah|author=Nigel|language=ms|work=Sabah State Government|publisher=Kudat Town Board|date=16 August 2013|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601030334/http://ww2.sabah.gov.my/lbk/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=79&Itemid=538 |archive-date=1 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.usm.my/km/33(2)2015/km33022015_01.pdf |title=Patronage, Power and Prowess: Barisan Nasional's Equilibrium Dominance in East Malaysia |first=Faisal H. |last=Hazis |work=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |publisher=Universiti Sains Malaysia |year=2015 |access-date=19 June 2016 |pages=15/24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619080534/http://web.usm.my/km/33%282%292015/km33022015_01.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>