Editing Neuroptera (section)

==Evolution==

[[File:Yang 2014 Sophogramma lii.png|thumb|upright=1.35|One of the "butterflies of the [[Jurassic]]", ''Sophogramma lii'' ([[Kalligrammatidae]])]]

Neuropterans first appeared near the end of the [[Permian]] [[Period (geology)|period]], as shown by fossils of the [[Permithonidae]] from the [[Tunguska basin in Siberia]] and a similar fauna from Australia.<ref name="Ponomarenko 2004"/>

[[File:Palaeopsychops marringerae Holotype SR 97-08-05 v2.jpg|thumb|left|Patterned wing of [[Paleogene]] (49 [[Million years ago|mya]]) fossil ''[[Palaeopsychops marringerae]]'' ([[Ithonidae]])]]

The osmylids are of [[Jurassic]] or [[Early Cretaceous]] origin and may be the most ancient of the Neuropteran groups.<ref name=Yan/> The extinct osmylid ''[[Protosmylus]]'' is [[fossilized]] in [[middle Eocene]] [[Baltic amber]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Engel, Michael S. |author2=Grimaldi, David A. |date=2007 |title=The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3587 |pages=1–58 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5880/1/N3587.pdf}}</ref> The genus ''[[Burmaleon]]'' is described from two fossils of [[Cenomanian]] age [[Burmese amber]], implying [[crown group]] radiation in the [[Early Cretaceous]] or earlier.<ref name="Myskowiak2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Myskowiak |first1=J. |last2=Huang |first2=D. |last3=Azar |first3=D. |last4=Cai |first4=C. |last5=Garrouste |first5=R. |last6=Nel |first6=A. |year=2016 |title=New lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Osmylidae, Nymphidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber and Crato Formation in Brazil |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=59 |pages=214–227 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.029|bibcode=2016CrRes..59..214M }}</ref><ref name="Yang Wang Labandeira 2014">{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Q. |last2=Wang |first2=Y. |last3=Labandeira |first3=C.C. |last4=Shih |first4=C. |last5=Ren |first5=D. |year=2014 |title=Mesozoic lacewings from China provide phylogenetic insight into evolution of the Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-14-126 |pmid=24912379 |pmc=4113026 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014BMCEE..14..126Y }}</ref> The family [[Kalligrammatidae]] lived from the Jurassic to [[Aptian]] (Lower Cretaceous) periods.<ref name="Bechly2016">{{Cite journal|last1=Bechly |first1=G. |last2=Makarkin |first2=V. N. |year=2016 |title=A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=58 |pages= 135–140|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.014|bibcode=2016CrRes..58..135B }}</ref>

Ithonidae are from the [[Jurassic]] to Recent, and the extinct lineages of the family were widespread geographically.<ref name="Archibald2006">{{cite journal |last=Archibald |first=S.B. |author2=Makarkin V.N. |title=Tertiary giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Polystechotidae<!--now Ithonidae-->): Revision and description of new taxa from Western North America and Denmark |journal=[[Journal of Systematic Palaeontology]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=119–155 |year=2006 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=438987 |access-date=January 27, 2010 |doi=10.1017/S1477201906001817|bibcode=2006JSPal...4..119A |s2cid=55970660|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Following the end of the Cretaceous period, the diversity of neuropterans appears to have declined.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Cihang |last2=Liu |first2=Hua |last3=Jarzembowski |first3=Edmund A. |date=June 2022  |title=High morphological disparity of neuropteran larvae during the Cretaceous revealed by a new large species |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0016756822000176/type/journal_article |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=159 |issue=6 |pages=954–962 |doi=10.1017/S0016756822000176 |bibcode=2022GeoM..159..954L |issn=0016-7568|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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