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Newton Booth
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== Political career == In 1860, Booth returned to Sacramento and the wholesale mercantile business.<ref name="Parkison-1878-Portraits-Sacto-Bus"/><ref name="Davis-1890-History-Sacramento"/> He campaigned for [[Abraham Lincoln]] for president.<ref name="valcomnews-newton-booth-city-cemetery"/> In 1862, he was elected to the [[California State Senate]], serving from 1863 to 1865. In [[1871 California gubernatorial election|1871]], Booth was elected the eleventh [[governor of California]], serving from December 8, 1871, to February 27, 1875. Booth openly sought black support.<ref name="eric.ed.gov-ED108998">{{cite journal |last1=Hendrick |first1=Irving G. |title=Public Policy Toward the Education of Non-White Minority Group Children in California, 1849-1970. Final Report. |date=March 1975 |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED108998.pdf |access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> [[File:The New Elaine.jpg|thumb|left|275px|An early political caricature poster mocking [[California Republican Party|California Republicans']] support of a [[local option]] for alcohol, {{circa}} 1870s]] In 1873, Booth helped to organize the ''Dolly Vardens'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080704055219/http://www.californiagovernors.ca.gov/h/biography/governor_11.html Newton Booth Biography] at ''californiagovernors.ca.gov''</ref> a new, independent, republican, anti-[[monopoly]] political party.<ref name="Pacific Rural Press 1872 Dolly Vardens" >{{cite news |title=Dolly Vardens |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=PRP18720601.2.34.4 |access-date=7 February 2022 |work=[[Pacific Rural Press]] |publisher=[[California Digital Newspaper Collection]] |date=1 June 1872 |quote=Volume 3, Number 22}}</ref> The party was named for a calico pattern composed of many different colors and figures, alluding to a political party made up of "sore heads from any party or by any name".<ref name="governors.library.ca.gov"/> With their support, he was elected to the [[U.S. Senate]] as a member of the [[Anti-Monopoly Party]] in [[1873 United States Senate election in California|December 1873]], serving from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1881. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1880. During his time in the Senate, he served as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Manufacturers and the U.S. Senate Committee on Patents, both during the [[Forty-fifth United States Congress|45th Congress]]. In 1876, the [[United States Greenback Party|Greenback Party]] nominated him for [[Vice President of the United States]] on the ticket with [[Peter Cooper]]. However, Booth declined the nomination and [[Samuel F. Cary]] replaced him. As of 2021, Booth remains the only senator from California who served as a member of a third party. After serving in Congress, he returned to his wholesale mercantile business in Sacramento.<ref name="Parkison-1878-Portraits-Sacto-Bus"/><ref name="Davis-1890-History-Sacramento"/>
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