Editing Norfuk language (section)

==Classification==
Norfuk has been classified as an [[English-based creole language|Atlantic Creole language]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Avram|first=Andrei|year=2003|title=Pitkern and Norfolk revisited|journal=[[English Today]]|volume=19|issue=1|pages=44–49|doi=10.1017/S0266078403003092|s2cid=144835575}}</ref> despite the island's location in the Pacific Ocean, because of the heavy influence of [[Ned Young]], a [[Saint Kitts Creole]]-speaker, and his role as a "[[Linguistic anthropology#Socialization|linguistic socializer]]" among the first generation of children born on Pitcairn.<ref>{{cite report |last=Mühlhäusler |first=Peter |title=Expert Report on the Distinctiveness of Norfolk Islander Ethnicity, Culture and the Norf'k Language (Norfolk Island — South Pacific) |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/wp-content/uploads/attachments/Annex_3_-_Expert_Report_on_the_Distinctiveness_of_Norfolk_Islander_Ethnicity_Culture_and_the_Norfk_Language.pdf |pages=104,109}}</ref>

The language is closely related to Pitkern but has no other close relatives other than its parent tongues of English and Tahitian. It is generally considered that English has had more of an influence upon the language than Tahitian, with words of Tahitian extraction being confined largely to [[taboo]] subjects, negative characterisations, and adjectives indicating that something is undesirable.<ref name="emsah.uq.edu.au">{{Citation |last1=Ingram |first1=John |title=Norfolk Island-Pitcairn English (Pitkern Norfolk) |url=http://emsah.uq.edu.au/linguistics/teaching/norfolk/Varieties-Norfolk-Phon-Ingram&Muhl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225090557/http://emsah.uq.edu.au/linguistics/teaching/norfolk/Varieties-Norfolk-Phon-Ingram%26Muhl.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2009 |last2=Mühlhäusler |first2=Peter |access-date=20 April 2020 |url-status=dead }}, 2006</ref>

Many expressions which are not commonly used in contemporary English carry on in Pitkern. These expressions include words from British maritime culture in the age of sailing ships. The influence of [[Seventh-day Adventist]] missionaries and the [[King James Version of the Bible]] are also notable.

In the mid-19th century, the people of Pitcairn resettled on Norfolk Island; later, some moved back. Most speakers of Pitkern today are the descendants of those who stayed. Pitkern and [[Norfuk dialect]]s are mutually intelligible, but differ significantly in vocabulary and grammar.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hogan-Brun |first1=Gabrielle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16V-DwAAQBAJ |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Languages and Communities |last2=O'Rourke |first2=Bernadette |author-link2=Bernadette O'Rourke |date=2018-12-11 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-54066-9 |pages=535 |language=en}}</ref>

The Norfolk language uses the [[subject–verb–object]] (SVO) basic word order.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Daval-Markussen |first=Aymeric |date=2015 |title=Book Review: 2013. The Atlas of Pidgin Creole Language Structures, edited by Michaelis Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber |journal=[[Journal of Language Contact]] |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=430–434 |doi=10.1163/19552629-00802008}}</ref>