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Norman language
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===Old French influences=== Norman French preserves a number of [[Old French]] words which have been lost in Modern French. Examples of Norman French words of Old French origin: {| class="wikitable" !Norman French !Old French !French !Meaning |- |''alosier'' |''alosier'' |se vanter, se targuer |to brag, to pride oneself on |- |''ardre'' |''ardre'', ''ardeir'' |brûler |to burn |- |''caeir'' |''caeir'', ''caïr'' |«choir», tomber |to drop, to fall over |- |''calengier'' |''calungier'', ''chalongier''<br>(became ''challenge'' in English) |négocier, débattre |to negotiate, to argue |- |''d'ot'' |''od'', ''ot'' |avec |with |- |''de l'hierre'' (f.)<br />''de l'hierru'' (m.) |''de l'iere'' |du lierre |from the ivy / some ivy |- |''déhait'' |''dehait'' |chagrin, malheur |grief, hardship |- |''ébauber'', ''ébaubir'' |''esbaubir'' |étonner |to surprise |- |''éclairgir'' |''esclargier'' |éclaircir |to lighten |- |''écourre'' |''escurre'', ''escudre'' |secouer |to shake, to mix |- |''essourdre'' |''essurdre'', ''exsurdre'' |élever |to raise, to lift |- |''haingre'' (adj.) |''haingre'' |maigre |thin, skinny |- |''haingue'' (f.) |''haenge'' |haine |hatred |- |''haiset'' (m.) |''haise'' |barrière or clôture de jardin faites de branches |garden fence |- |''herdre'' |''erdre'' |adhérer, être adhérant, coller |to adhere, to stick |- |''hourder'' |''order'' |souiller |to make something dirty |- |''iloc'' (with a silent ''c'') |''iloc'', ''iluec'' |là |there |- |''itel'' / ''intel'' |''itel'' |semblable |similar |- |''liement'' |''liement'', ''liéement'' |tranquillement |quietly, peacefully |- |''maishî'' |''maishui'', ''meshui'' |maintenant, désormais |now, from now on |- |''manuyaunce'' |''manuiance'' |avoir la jouissance, la possession |to enjoy |- |''marcaundier'' |''marcandier'' |rôdeur, vagabond |prowler, stalker |- |''marcauntier'' |''marcantier'' |mouchard, colporteur |canary |- |''marganer'' |''marganer'' |moquer |to make fun of, to mock |- |''marganier'' |''marganier'' |moqueur, quelqu'un qui se moque |mocking, teasing |- |''méhain'' |''meshaing'', ''mehain'' |mauvaise disposition, malaise |loss of consciousness, feeling of faintness |- |''méhaignié'' |''meshaignié'' |malade, blessé |sick, injured |- |''méselle'' |''mesele'' |lèpre |leprosy |- |''mésiau'' or ''mésel'' |''mesel'' |lépreux |leper |- |''moûtrer'' |''mustrer'' |montrer |to show |- |''muchier'' |''mucier'' |cacher |to conceal / to hide |- |''nartre'' (m.) |''nastre'' |traître |traitor |- |''nâtre'' (adj.) |''nastre'' |méchant, cruel |mean, nasty |- |''nienterie'' (f.) |''nienterie'' |niaiserie |nonsense, insanity |- |''orde'' |''ort'' |sale |dirty |- |''ordir'' |''ordir'' |salir |to dirty |- |''paumpe'' (f.) |''pampe'' |''en normand'': tige ''en anc. fr.'': pétale |petal |- |''souleir'' |''soleir'' |«souloir», avoir l'habitude de |to have habit of / to get used to |- |''targier'' or ''tergier'' |''targier'' |tarder |to be late / slow |- |''tître'' |''tistre'' |tisser |to weave |- |''tolir'' |''tolir'' |priver, enlever |to remove, to take away |- |''trétous'' |''trestuz'' |tous, absolument tous |all of / each and every |} Examples of Norman French words with -ei instead of -oi in Standard French words {| class="wikitable sortable alternance" ! scope="col" |Norman French ! scope="col" |Standard French ! scope="col" |Meaning |- |'''la feire''' |la foire |fair (trade show) |- |'''la feis''' |la fois |time |- |'''la peire''' |la poire |pear |- |'''le deigt''' |le doigt |finger |- |'''le dreit''' |le droit |right (law) |- |'''le peivre''' |le poivre |pepper |- |'''aveir''' (final ''r'' is silent) |avoir |to have |- |'''beire''' |boire |to drink |- |'''creire''' |croire |to believe |- |'''neir''' (final ''r'' is silent) |noir |black |- |'''veir''' (final ''r'' is silent) |voir |to see |} Examples of Norman French words with ''c-'' / ''qu-'' and ''g-'' instead of ''ch-'' and ''j'' in Standard French {| class="wikitable sortable" !Norman French !Standard French !Meaning |- |'''la cauche''' |la chausse, la chaussure |shoes |- |'''la cose''' |la chose |thing |- |'''la gaumbe''' |la jambe |leg |- |'''la quièvre''' |la chèvre |goat |- |'''la vaque''' |la vache |cow |- |'''le cat''' |le chat |cat |- |'''le câtel''' (final ''l'' is silent) |le château |castle |- |'''le quien''' |le chien |dog |- |'''cachier''' |chasser |to chase / to hunt |- |'''catouiller''' |chatouiller |to tickle |- |'''caud''' |chaud |hot |}
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