Editing Numismatics (section)

==History==
{{more citations needed|date=December 2024}}
[[File:Maximinus denarius - transparent background.PNG|right|frame|A [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[denarius]], a standardized [[silver coin]]]]
[[Coin collecting]] may have possibly existed in ancient times. [[Caesar Augustus|Augustus]] gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of the kings and foreign money" as [[Saturnalia]] gifts.<ref>[[Suetonius]], ''Augustus'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html#75 75 on-line text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043834/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus%2A.html#75 |date=2022-07-31 }}</ref>

[[Petrarch]], who wrote in a letter that he was often approached by vine diggers with old coins asking him to buy or to identify the ruler,  is credited as the first [[Renaissance]] collector.  Petrarch presented a collection of Roman coins to [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles IV]] in 1355.

The first book on coins was ''De Asse et Partibus'' (1514) by [[Guillaume Budé]].<ref>''[[Brigham Young University]] [http://net.lib.byu.edu/aldine/44Bude.html library web page]'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725015240/http://net.lib.byu.edu/aldine/44Bude.html |date=2008-07-25 }}</ref>  During the early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility.  Collectors of coins were Pope [[Boniface VIII]], Emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian]] of the Holy Roman Empire, [[Louis XIV]] of France, Ferdinand I, Elector [[Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg|Joachim II]] of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and [[Henry IV of France]] to name a few.  Numismatics is called the "Hobby of Kings", due to its most esteemed founders.

Professional societies organised in the 19th century. The [[Royal Numismatic Society]] was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the ''Numismatic Chronicle''. The [[American Numismatic Society]] was founded in 1858 and began publishing the ''American Journal of Numismatics'' in 1866.

In 1931 the [[British Academy]] launched the [[Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum]] publishing collections of [[Ancient Greek coinage]].  The first volume of [[Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles]] was published in 1958.

In the 20th century, coins gained recognition as archaeological objects, and scholars such as [[Guido Bruck]] of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna realized their value in providing a temporal context and the difficulty that curators faced when identifying worn coins using classical literature. After [[World War II]] in Germany, a project, ''[[Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike|Fundmünzen der Antike]]'' (Coin finds of the Classical Period) was launched to register every coin found within Germany. This idea found successors in many countries.

In the United States, the US Mint established a coin cabinet in 1838 when chief coiner [[Adam Eckfeldt]] donated his personal collection.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8247-2037-7 |page=281|last1=Kent |first1=Allen }}</ref>  William E. Du Bois' ''Pledges of History...'' (1846) describes the cabinet.

[[Southampton summer colony|C. Wyllys Betts]]' ''American colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals'' (1894) set the groundwork for the study of American historical medals.

[[Helen Wang]]'s "A short history of Chinese numismatics in European languages" (2012–2013) gives an outline history of Western countries' understanding of Chinese numismatics.<ref>[[Helen Wang]], "A short history of Chinese numismatics in European languages", in ''Early China'' vols 35-36 (2012–2013), pp. 395-429,</ref> [[Lyce Jankowski]]'s ''Les amis des monnaies'' is an in-depth study of Chinese numismatics in China in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jankowski |first=Lyce |title=Les amis des monnaies – la sociabilité savante des collectionneurs et numismates chinois de la fin des Qing |publisher=Maisonneuve et Larose nlle édition |year=2018 |isbn=978-2-37701-030-1 |location=Paris}}</ref>

===Modern===
[[File:Two 20kr gold coins.png|thumb|right|Two 20 kr [[gold]] coins from the [[Scandinavian Monetary Union]]]]
Modern numismatics is the study of the coins of the mid-17th century onward, the period of machine-struck coins.<ref>{{cite web |title=Collectibles |url=http://www.mainecollectibles.com/Collectibles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914063749/http://www.mainecollectibles.com/Collectibles/ |archive-date=September 14, 2013 |access-date=June 13, 2013 |publisher=Maritime International}}</ref> Their study serves more the need of collectors than historians, and it is more often successfully pursued by amateur aficionados than by professional scholars. The focus of modern numismatics frequently lies in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study. Varieties, [[mint-made errors]], the results of progressive die wear, mintage figures, and even the sociopolitical context of coin mintings are also matters of interest.

===Subfields===
{{Main|Exonumia|Notaphily|Scripophily}}
[[Exonumia]] (UK English: Paranumismatica)<ref>The First Dictionary of Paranumismatica: All About Tokens, Checks, Tickets, Passes, Medalets, Counters, Tallies and Weights (ed. Brian Edge), 1991. {{ISBN|978-0951691007}}</ref> is the study of [[coin]]-like objects such as [[token coin]]s and [[medal]]s, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. This includes [[elongated coin]]s, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, badges, counter-stamped coins, [[wooden nickel]]s, [[credit card]]s, and other similar items. It is related to numismatics proper (concerned with coins which have been [[legal tender]]), and many [[coin collector]]s are also exonumists.

[[Notaphily]] is the study of [[banknote|paper money]] or banknotes. It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has been in use. However, people only started collecting paper money systematically in Germany in the 1920s, particularly the ''Serienscheine'' (Series notes) [[Notgeld]]. The turning point occurred in the 1970s when notaphily was established as a separate area by collectors. At the same time, some developed countries such as the [[United States]], [[Germany]], and [[France]] began publishing their respective national catalogs of paper money, which represented major points of reference literature.

[[File:Alexander the great temnos tetradrachm.jpg|alt=Alexander the Great tetradrachm from the Temnos Mint|thumb|Alexander the Great memorial [[tetradrachm]] from the Temnos Mint {{Circa|188–170 BC}}]]
[[Scripophily]] is the study and collection of companies' shares and [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] certificates. It is an area of collecting due to both the inherent beauty of some historical documents as well as the interesting historical context of each document. Some stock certificates are excellent examples of [[engraving]].  Occasionally, an old stock document will be found that still has value as stock in a successor company.