Editing Objectivist movement (section)

===Nathaniel Branden Institute===
{{Main|Nathaniel Branden Institute}}
The first formal presentation of Objectivism began with the Nathaniel Branden Lectures (NBL), shortly after the publication of Rand's final novel, ''Atlas Shrugged''. Nathaniel Branden was the first member of The Collective, and later, Rand's "intellectual heir".<ref name="passion">{{harvnb|Branden|1986}}</ref> In time, Branden and Rand became romantically involved.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1999}}</ref> After the publication of ''Atlas Shrugged'', Rand was inundated with requests for more information about her philosophy. Not wanting to be a teacher or leader of an organized movement, she allowed Branden to lecture on her behalf.<ref name="passion"/>
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{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#999999" style="font-size:9px;line-height:11px;border:1px solid #999;margin-bottom:3px;"
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" style="font-size:11px;line-height:13px;" | '''Timeline of the Objectivist movement'''
|-
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" style="width:60px;" | '''Year'''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" style="width:200px;" | '''Event'''
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-right:1px solid #E9E9E9;" |
1943<br />
1950<br />
1957<br />
1958<br />
1961<br />
1968<br />
1971<br />
1980<br />
1982<br />
1985<br />
1987<br />
1989<br />
1990<br />
1999<br />
2000<br />
2001
| valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-right:1px solid #E9E9E9;"|
''The Fountainhead'' published<br />
Branden meets Rand<br />
''Atlas Shrugged'' published<br />
NBI created<br />
''Objectivist Newsletter'' starts<br />
Branden-Rand split<br />
''Ayn Rand Letter'' starts<br />
''Objectivist Forum'' starts<br />
Rand's death<br />
Ayn Rand Institute starts<br />
Ayn Rand Society forms<br />
Peikoff-Kelley split<br />
IOS starts<br />
JARS founded<br />
Objectivist Academic Center<br />
First Anthem Foundation fellowship
|}
</div>

The success of NBL prompted Branden to expand his lecture organization into the [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]] (NBI). Rand and Branden also co-founded the first publication devoted to the study and application of Objectivism. ''The Objectivist Newsletter'' began publication in 1962 and was later expanded into ''The Objectivist''.<ref>{{harvnb|Hessen|1999|pp=351–352}}.</ref>

The 1960s saw a rapid expansion of the Objectivist movement. Rand was a frequent lecturer at universities across the country. Rand hosted a radio program on Objectivism on the Columbia University station, [[WKCR-FM]]. The [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]] (NBI) hosted lectures on Objectivism, the history of philosophy, art, and psychology in cities across the country. Campus clubs devoted to studying Rand's philosophy formed throughout the country, though operated independently of NBI. Rand was a frequent guest on radio and television, as well as an annual lecturer at the Ford Hall Forum.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=320}}</ref> At the peak of its popularity, NBI was delivering taped lectures in over 80 cities.<ref>''The Objectivist Newsletter'' vol. 4 no. 12</ref> By 1967 NBI had leased an entire floor in the [[Empire State Building]] (with ''The Objectivist'' as a sub-tenant).<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=350, 373}}</ref>

In 1968, Rand publicly broke with Nathaniel and Barbara Branden.<ref name="Rand1968a">{{harvnb|Rand|1968|p=449}}.</ref> She accused Nathaniel Branden of a "gradual departure from the principles of Objectivism",<ref name="Rand1968a"/> financial exploitation of her related to business loans, and "deliberate deception of several persons".<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1968|pp=452–453}}; ''cf''. {{harvnb|Doherty|2007|p=334}}.</ref> In a response sent to the mailing list of ''The Objectivist'' in 1968, the Brandens denied many of Rand's charges against them.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=354–355}}; {{harvnb|Doherty|2007|pp=334–335}}.</ref> The result of their conflicting claims was a "schism", as some participants in the Objectivist movement supported the Brandens, while others supported Rand's repudiation of them.<ref>{{harvnb|Doherty|2007|pp=334–336}}; {{harvnb|Baker|1987|pp=24–25}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=355–356}}; {{harvnb|Gladstein|1999|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Walker|1999|pp=43–46}}. Baker and Walker both use the term "schism", as does {{harvnb|Peikoff|1989|pp=1, 5}}.</ref>

NBI was closed and its offices vacated, in an environment that Barbara Branden described as "total hysteria" as its former students learned about the matter.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=351–352}}; ''cf''. {{harvnb|Rand|1968|p=455}}.</ref> The Brandens continued for a time to sell some of NBI's recorded lectures through a new company,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Legal Notice |last=Holzer |first=Henry Mark |journal=The Objectivist |date=May 1969 |volume=8 |issue=5 |page=656}}</ref> but otherwise had little involvement with the Objectivist movement until their biographical books about Rand were released.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986}} and {{harvnb|Branden|1999}}, which was originally released in 1989 under the title ''Judgment Day: My Years with Ayn Rand''.</ref> ''The Objectivist'' continued publishing with Rand as editor and Leonard Peikoff as associate editor. Peikoff also took over Nathaniel Branden's role as the primary lecturer on Objectivism.<ref name="Hessen 1999 p=353">{{harvnb|Hessen|1999|p=353}}.</ref> Peikoff later described the Brandens' expulsion as the first "of the many schisms that have plagued the Objectivist movement."<ref>{{harvnb|Peikoff|1989|p=5}}.</ref>