Editing Office of Management and Budget (section)

==Structure==
===Overview===
OMB is made up mainly of career appointed staff who provide continuity across changes of party and administration in the White House. Six positions within OMB{{snd}}the director, the deputy director, the deputy director for management, and the administrators of the [[Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs]], the [[Office of Federal Procurement Policy]], and the [[Office of Federal Financial Management]]{{snd}}are presidentially appointed and [[United States Senate|Senate]]-[[Advice and consent|confirmed]] positions.

OMB's largest components are the five Resource Management Offices, which are organized along functional lines mirroring the federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be deployed by a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of the president's budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations with the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations and agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the president's management agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to EOP staff. They also provide important information to those assigned to the statutory offices within OMB: the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the [[Office of E-Government & Information Technology]], which specializes in issues such as federal regulations and procurement policy and law.

Other components are OMB-wide support offices, including the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president's budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the [[Executive (government)|executive branch]], the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the [[Congressional Budget Office]] (which was created in response to the OMB) for estimating Congressional spending, the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] for estimating executive branch revenue, and the [[U.S. Congress Joint Committee on Taxation|Joint Committee on Taxation]] for estimating Congressional revenue.

The Legislative Reference Division is the federal government's central clearing house for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distills the comments into a consensus opinion of the administration about the proposal. It is also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both chambers of Congress for the president's signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the bill's particulars, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether it should be signed into law or [[Veto power in the United States|vetoed]]. It also issues Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know the White House's official position on proposed legislation.

===Role in the executive budget process===
In practice, the president has assigned the OMB certain responsibilities when it comes to the budget and hiring authorities who play key roles in developing it. OMB coordinates the development of the president's budget proposal by issuing [[List of OMB Circulars|circulars]], memoranda, and guidance documents to the heads of executive agencies. The OMB works very closely with executive agencies in making sure the budget process and proposal is smooth.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Office of Management and Budget and the Presidency, 1921-1979 |publisher=Princeton University Press |last=Berman|first=Larry|isbn=9781400867288|location=Princeton, New Jersey|oclc=905862779|date = 2015-03-08}}</ref>

The development of the budget within the executive branch has many steps and takes nearly a year to complete. The first step is the OMB informing the president of the country's economic situation. The next step is known as the Spring Guidance: the OMB gives executive agencies instructions on policy guidance to use when coming up with their budget requests along with due dates for them to submit their requests. The OMB then works with the agencies to discuss issues in the upcoming budget. In July, the OMB issues [[OMB Circular A-11|circular A-11]] to all agencies, which outlines instructions for submitting the budget proposals, which the agencies submit by September. The [[fiscal year]] begins October{{spaces}}1 and OMB staff meet with senior agency representatives to find out whether their proposals are in line with the president's priorities and policies and identify constraints within the budget proposal until late November. The OMB director then meets with the president and EOP advisors to discuss the agencies' budget proposals and recommends a federal budget proposal, and the agencies are notified of the decisions about their requests. They can appeal to OMB and the president in December if they are dissatisfied with the decisions. After working together to resolve issues, agencies and OMB prepare a budget justification document to present to relevant congressional committees, especially the Appropriations Committee. Finally, by the first Monday in February, the president must review and submit the final budget to Congress to approve.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Art of Policymaking|last1=Shambaugwh IV |last2=Weinstein Jr.|first1=George E.|first2=Paul J|publisher=CQ Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0321081032|location=Thousand Oaks, California|pages=109–113}}</ref>

OMB is also responsible for the preparation of Statements of Administrative Policy (SAPs) with the president. These statements allow the OMB to communicate the president's and agencies' policies to the government as a whole and set forth policymakers' agendas.<ref name=":0" /> During the review of the federal budget, interest groups can lobby for policy change and affect the budget for the new year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Haeder|first1=Simon F.|last2=Webb Yackee|first2=Susan|date=August 2015|title=Influence and the Administrative Process: Lobbying the U.S. President's Office of Management and Budget|journal=American Political Science Review|volume=109|issue=3|pages=507–522|doi=10.1017/S0003055415000246|s2cid=145226542|issn=0003-0554}}</ref> OMB plays a key role in policy conflicts by making sure legislation and agencies' actions are consistent with the executive branch's. OMB has a powerful and influential role in the government, basically making sure its day-to-day operations run. Without a budget, federal employees could not be paid, federal buildings could not open and federal programs would come to a halt in a [[Government shutdowns in the United States|government shutdown.]] Shutdowns can occur when Congress refuses to pass a budget.<ref name=":1" />

===Suspension and debarment===
The Interagency Suspension and Debarment Committee (ISDC) was created as an OMB committee by President Ronald Reagan's [[List of executive actions by Ronald Reagan|Executive Order]] 12549 in 1986, for the purpose of monitoring the implementation of the order. This order mandates executive departments and agencies to:
*participate in a government-wide [[Compliance requirements#Procurement and suspension and debarment (I)|suspension and debarment]] system,
*issue regulations with government-wide criteria and minimum due process procedures when debarring or suspending participants, and
*send debarred and suspended participants' identifying information to the [[General Services Administration]] for inclusion on a list of excluded persons, now known as the [[System for Award Management]] (SAM).<ref>US Environmental Protection Agency, [https://www.epa.gov/grants/interagency-suspension-and-debarment-committee Interagency Suspension and Debarment Committee], updated 15 June 2020, accessed 8 February 2021</ref>

===Circulars===
{{main|List of OMB Circulars and Bulletins}}
Circulars are instructions or information the OMB issues to federal agencies that are indexed by major category: Budget, State and Local Governments, Educational and Non-Profit Institutions, Federal Procurement, Federal Financial Management, Federal Information Resources / Data Collection and Other Special Purpose.<ref>{{cite web |title=Circulars |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/circulars/ |website=[[White House]] |publisher=The White House}}</ref>

'''Circular NO. A-119'''
Circular A-119<ref>{{cite web |title=CIRCULAR NO. A-119 Revised |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Circular-119-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219144113/https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Circular-119-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-19 |url-status=live |website=[[White House]] |publisher=The White House}}</ref> is for federal participation in the development and use of [[technical standards|voluntary consensus standards]] and in [[Conformance testing|conformity assessment]] activities. A-119 instructs its agencies to adopt voluntary consensus standards before relying upon [[technical standards|industry standards]] and reducing to a minimum the reliance by agencies on [[technical standards|government standards]]. Adoption of [[international standards]] is widely followed by U.S. agencies.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Examples - United States of America |url=https://policy.iso.org/usa.html |website=policy.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref> This includes:
* [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] referencing [[ISO 14000|ISO 14001]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Management Systems (EMS) |url=https://www.epa.gov/ems |website=epa.gov |date=5 November 2014 |publisher=EPA}}</ref> supporting public policy in environmental management<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Management |url=https://policy.iso.org/environmental-management.html |website=policy.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref>
* [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] referencing [[ISO 50001]]<ref>{{cite web |title=ISO 50001 Energy Management Standard |url=https://www.energy.gov/ISO50001 |website=energy.gov |publisher=Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy}}</ref> supporting public policy for energy performance aligned with the [[International Energy Agency]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Energy Management |url=https://policy.iso.org/energy-management.html |website=policy.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref>
* [[United States Department of Labor|Department of Labor]] referencing [[ISO 45001]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Guidance for Executive Order 13673, "Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces"; Final Guidance |url=https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/federalregister/2016-08-25-0 |website=osha.gov |publisher=US Department of Labor}}</ref> supporting public policy in occupational health and safety
* [[Food and Drug Administration]] referencing [[ISO 13485]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical Device Single Audit Program (MDSAP) |url=https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/cdrh-international-programs/medical-device-single-audit-program-mdsap |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612193236/https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/cdrh-international-programs/medical-device-single-audit-program-mdsap |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 12, 2019 |website=fda.gov |date=7 February 2022 |publisher=FDA}}</ref> supporting public policy in medical devices<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical Devices |url=https://policy.iso.org/medical-devices.html |website=policy.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref>
* [[Food and Drug Administration]] referencing [[ISO 22000]]<ref>{{cite web |title=FSMA Final Rule for Preventive Controls for Human Food |url=https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2011-N-0920-2064 |website=regulations.gov |publisher=FDA}}</ref> supporting public policy in food products<ref>{{cite web |title=Food Products |url=https://policy.iso.org/food-products.html |website=policy.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref>

===Organization===
*Director of the Office of Management and Budget
**Deputy Director, OMB
**Executive Associate Director of OMB
***Office of General Counsel
***Office of Legislative Affairs
***Office of Communications
***Office of Economic Policy (EP)
***Management and Operations Division
***Legislative Reference Division
***Budget Review Division (BRD)
***Resource Management Offices
****Natural Resource Programs
****Education, Income Maintenance, and Labor Programs
****Health Programs
****General Government Programs
****National Security Programs
**Deputy Director for Management ([[Chief Performance Officer of the United States]])
***Office of Performance and Personnel Management (OPPM)
***[[Office of Federal Financial Management]] (OFFM)
***[[Office of Federal Procurement Policy]] (OFPP)
***[[Office of E-Government & Information Technology]] (administrator: [[Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States]]) 
****Cyber and National Security Unit
****[[United States Digital Service]] (USDS)
***[[Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs]] (OIRA)
***Office of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator (IPEC)

====Current appointees====
*Director: [[Russell Vought]]
**Deputy Director: [[Dan Bishop]]
***General Counsel: [[Mark Paoletta]]
**Deputy Director for Management ([[Chief Performance Officer of the United States]]): [[Eric Ueland]]
***Controller of the [[Office of Federal Financial Management]]: TBA
***Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy: TBA
***Administrator of the Office of E-Government and Information Technology ([[Chief Information Officer of the United States|Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States]]): Greg Barbaccia
***Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: TBA
****[[Chief Statistician of the United States]]: [[Karin Orvis]]