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Old Prussian language
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===Germanic=== The [[Low German]] language spoken in Prussia (or [[West Prussia]] and [[East Prussia]]), called [[Low Prussian]] (cf. [[High Prussian]], [[High German]]),<ref>{{cite journal|language=de|title=Niederpreuſsisch|trans-title=Lower Prussian|first=Walther|last=Mitzka|journal=Zeitschrift für deutsche Mundarten |date=1921|volume=16|pages=151–154|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|jstor=40498264}}</ref> preserved a number of Baltic Prussian words, such as ''{{lang|nds|Kurp}}'', from the Old Prussian ''{{lang|prg|kurpe}}'', for ''shoe'' in contrast to common {{langx|nds|Schoh}} (Standard German ''{{lang|de|Schuh}}''),<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Gerhard|last=Bauer|date=2005|url=http://www.annaberger-annalen.de//jahrbuch/2005/AnnabergNr.13_Kap1.pdf|chapter=Baltismen im ostpreußischen Deutsch: Hermann Frischbiers "Preussisches Wörterbuch" als volkskundliche Quelle|trans-chapter=Baltisms in Eastern Prussian German: Hermann Frischbier's "Prussian Dictionary" as ethnological source|issue=13|pages=5{{Hyphen}}82|title=Annaberger Annalen}}</ref> as did the [[High Prussian#Oberländisch|High Prussian Oberland subdialect]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Walther|last=Ziesemer|title=Beobachtungen zur Wortgeographie Ostpreuſsens|trans-title=Obeservations on word geography in East Prussia|journal=Zeitschrift für deutsche Mundarten|jstor=40498279|date=1923|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|language=de|pages=149–160|issue=3/4, "Festschrift Ferdinand Wrede (1923)"|volume=18}}</ref> Until the [[1938 changing of place names in East Prussia]], Old Prussian river- and place-names, such as ''{{lang|prg|Tawe}}'' and ''{{lang|prg|Tawellningken}}'', could still be found.<ref name="GerullisPlace">{{cite book|first=Georg|last=Gerullis|title=Die altpreußischen Ortsnamen|trans-title=The Old Prussian place names|language=de|date=1922|publisher=Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher Verleger|place=Berlin, Leipzig|url=https://klc.vdu.lt/prussian/Gerullis-APON.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Haack|first1=Hermann|title=Stielers Hand-Atlas|date=1930| publisher=Justus Perthes|edition=10|page=Plate 9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte|volume=51|issue=2|year=2003|title='Grenzlandpolitik' und Ostforschung an der Peripherie des Reiches. Das ostpreußische Masuren 1919–1945|trans-title='Borderland politics' and Ostforschung in the periphery of the German Empire. The East-Prussian Masuria 1919–1945|first=Andreas|last=Kossert|pages=117–146|language=de|jstor=30196694 }}</ref>{{rp|page=137}}
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