Editing Open standard (section)

=== Made by standardization bodies ===

==== Joint IEEE, ISOC, W3C, IETF and IAB Definition ====
On August 12, 2012, the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), [[Internet Society]] (ISOC), [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C), [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) and [[Internet Architecture Board]] (IAB), jointly affirmed a set of principles which have contributed to the [[exponential growth]] of the Internet and related technologies. The "OpenStand Principles" define open standards and establish the building blocks for innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open-stand.org/about-us/affirmation/|title=Affirmation Statement|website=OpenStand|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open-stand.org/about-us/principles/|title=The Modern Standards Paradigm – Five Key Principles|website=OpenStand|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref> Standards developed using the OpenStand principles are developed through an open, participatory process, support interoperability, foster global competition, are voluntarily adopted on a global level and serve as building blocks for products and services targeted to meet the needs of markets and consumers. This drives innovation which, in turn, contributes to the creation of new markets and the growth and expansion of existing markets.

'''There are five, key OpenStand Principles, as outlined below:'''

'''1. Cooperation'''
Respectful cooperation between standards organizations, whereby each respects the autonomy, integrity, processes, and intellectual property rules of the others.

'''2. Adherence to Principles''' – Adherence to the five fundamental principles of standards development, namely

*'''''Due process:''''' Decisions are made with equity and fairness among participants. No one party dominates or guides standards development. Standards processes are transparent and opportunities exist to appeal decisions. Processes for periodic standards review and updating are well defined.
*'''''Broad consensus:''''' Processes allow for all views to be considered and addressed, such that agreement can be found across a range of interests.
*'''''Transparency:''''' Standards organizations provide advance public notice of proposed standards development activities, the scope of work to be undertaken, and conditions for participation. Easily accessible records of decisions and the materials used in reaching those decisions are provided. Public comment periods are provided before final standards approval and adoption.
*'''''Balance:''''' Standards activities are not exclusively dominated by any particular person, company or interest group.
*'''''Openness:''''' Standards processes are open to all interested and informed parties.

'''3. Collective Empowerment'''
Commitment by affirming standards organizations and their participants to collective [[empowerment]] by striving for standards that:

* are chosen and defined based on technical merit, as judged by the contributed expertise of each participant;
* provide global interoperability, scalability, stability, and resiliency;
* enable global competition;
* serve as building blocks for further innovation; and
* contribute to the creation of global communities, benefiting humanity.

'''4. Availability'''
Standards specifications are made accessible to all for implementation and deployment. Affirming standards organizations have defined procedures to develop specifications that can be implemented under fair terms. Given market diversity, fair terms may vary from royalty-free to [[fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory]] terms (FRAND).

'''5. Voluntary Adoption'''
Standards are voluntarily adopted and success is determined by the market.

<ref>Source:  www.open-stand.org</ref>

==== ITU-T definition ====
The [[ITU-T]] is a [[standards development organization]] (SDO) that is one of the three sectors of the [[International Telecommunication Union]] (a specialized agency of the [[United Nations]]). The ITU-T has a Telecommunication Standardization Bureau director's ''Ad Hoc'' group on IPR that produced the following definition in March 2005, which the ITU-T as a whole has endorsed for its purposes since November 2005:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/othergroups/ipr-adhoc/openstandards.html|title=ITU-T|website=www.itu.int|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>
: The [[ITU-T]] has a long history of open standards development. However, recently some different external sources have attempted to define the term "Open Standard" in a variety of different ways. In order to avoid confusion, the ITU-T uses for its purpose the term "Open Standards" per the following definition:
: "Open Standards" are standards made available to the general public and are developed (or approved) and maintained via a collaborative and consensus driven process. "Open Standards" facilitate [[interoperability]] and data exchange among different products or services and are intended for widespread adoption.
: Other elements of "Open Standards" include, but are not limited to:
:*Collaborative process – voluntary and market driven development (or approval) following a transparent consensus driven process that is reasonably open to all interested parties.
:* Reasonably balanced – ensures that the process is not dominated by any one interest group.
:* Due process – includes consideration of and response to comments by interested parties.
:* [[Intellectual property rights]] (IPRs) – IPRs essential to implement the standard to be licensed to all applicants on a worldwide, non-discriminatory basis, either (1) for free and under other reasonable terms and conditions or (2) on reasonable terms and conditions (which may include monetary compensation). Negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside the [[standards organization|SDO]].
:* Quality and level of detail – sufficient to permit the development of a variety of competing implementations of interoperable products or services. Standardized interfaces are not hidden, or controlled other than by the SDO promulgating the standard.
:* Publicly available – easily available for implementation and use, at a reasonable price. Publication of the text of a standard by others is permitted only with the prior approval of the SDO.
:* On-going support – maintained and supported over a long period of time.

The [[ITU-T]], [[ITU-R]], [[ISO]], and [[IEC]] have harmonized on a common patent policy <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/|title=ITU-T|website=www.itu.int|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> under the banner of the [[World Standards Cooperation|WSC]]. However, the ITU-T definition should not necessarily be considered also applicable in ITU-R, ISO and IEC contexts, since the Common Patent Policy 
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/3770791/customview.html?func=ll&objId=3770791&objAction=browse&sort=name|title=00. ISO standards and patents|website=isotc.iso.org|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> 
does not make any reference to "open standards" but rather only to "standards."

==== IETF definition ====
In section 7 of its RFC 2026, the [[IETF]] classifies specifications that have been developed in a manner similar to that of the IETF itself as being "open standards," and lists the standards produced by [[ANSI]], [[ISO]], [[IEEE]], and [[ITU-T]] as examples. As the IETF standardization processes and IPR policies have the characteristics listed above by ITU-T, the IETF standards fulfill the ITU-T definition of "open standards."

However, the IETF has not adopted a specific definition of "open standard"; both RFC 2026 and the IETF's mission statement (RFC 3935) talks about "open process," but RFC 2026 does not define "open standard" except for the purpose of defining what documents IETF standards can link to.

RFC 2026 belongs to a set of RFCs collectively known as BCP 9 (Best Common Practice, an IETF policy).<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp9 BCP 9]: The Internet Standards Process</ref>
RFC 2026 was later updated by BCP 78 and 79 (among others). As of 2011 BCP 78 is RFC 5378 (Rights Contributors Provide to the IETF Trust),<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp78 BCP 78]: Rights Contributors Provide to the IETF Trust</ref> and BCP 79 consists of RFC 3979 (Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology) and a clarification in RFC 4879.<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp79 BCP 79]: Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology</ref> The changes are intended to be compatible with the "Simplified [[BSD]] License" as stated in the IETF Trust Legal Provisions and Copyright FAQ based on RFC 5377.<ref>[[IETF]] [http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info Trust Legal Provisions] (page offers a FAQ for non-lawyers)</ref>

In August 2012, the IETF combined with the W3C and [[IEEE]] to launch OpenStand <ref name="OpenStand">[http://open-stand.org OpenStand]: OpenStand: Principles for The Modern Standard Paradigm</ref> and to publish The Modern Paradigm for Standards. This captures "the effective and efficient standardization processes that have made the Internet and Web the premiere platforms for innovation and borderless commerce". The declaration is then published in the form of RFC 6852 in January 2013.