Editing Optical isolator (section)

==Polarization independent isolator==
[[File:Optical isolator.GIF|thumbnail|right|250px|Figure 3: Polarization independent isolator]]
The polarization independent isolator is made of three parts, an input [[Birefringence|birefringent]] wedge (with its ordinary polarization direction vertical and its extraordinary polarization direction horizontal), a Faraday rotator, and an output birefringent wedge (with its ordinary polarization direction at 45°, and its extraordinary polarization direction at −45°).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiber-optic-components.com/polarization-dependent-isolator-vs-polarization-independent-isolator.html|title=Polarization Dependent Isolator VS. Polarization Independent Isolator|date=6 May 2015|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171204/http://www.fiber-optic-components.com/polarization-dependent-isolator-vs-polarization-independent-isolator.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5616/WebMaterial/19%20Polarization.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-12-04 |archive-date=2017-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114626/http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5616/WebMaterial/19%20Polarization.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Light traveling in the forward direction is split by the input birefringent wedge into its vertical (0°) and horizontal (90°) components, called the ordinary ray (o-ray) and the extraordinary ray (e-ray) respectively.  The Faraday rotator rotates both the o-ray and e-ray by 45°. This means the o-ray is now at 45°, and the e-ray is at −45°. The output birefringent wedge then recombines the two components.

Light traveling in the backward direction is separated into the o-ray at 45, and the e-ray at −45° by the birefringent wedge.  The Faraday Rotator again rotates both the rays by 45°. Now the o-ray is at 90°, and the e-ray is at 0°. Instead of being focused by the second birefringent wedge, the rays diverge.

Typically [[collimator]]s are used on either side of the isolator. In the transmitted direction the beam is split and then combined and focused into the output collimator. In the isolated direction the beam is split, and then diverged, so it does not focus at the collimator.

Figure 3 shows the propagation of light through a polarization independent isolator. The forward travelling light is shown in blue, and the backward propagating light is shown in red. The rays were traced using an ordinary refractive index of 2, and an extraordinary refractive index of 3. The wedge angle is 7°.