Editing Organizational theory (section)

=== Developments in theory ===
As people implemented organizations over time, many researchers have experimented as to which organizational theory fits them best. The theories of organizations include bureaucracy, rationalization (scientific management), and the division of labor. Each theory provides distinct advantages and disadvantages when applied.<ref name="classics">{{cite book|last1=Shafritz|first1=Jay|url=https://archive.org/details/classicsoforgani00jaym_0|title=Classics of Organization Theory|last2=Ott|first2=J. Steven|publisher=Harcourt|year=2001|isbn=0-15-506869-5|editor1-last=Shafritz|editor1-first=Jay|edition=5|location=Orlando|chapter=Classical Organization Theory|editor2-last=Ott|editor2-first=J. Steven|url-access=registration}}</ref>

The classical perspective emerges from the [[Industrial Revolution]] in the private sector and the need for improved [[public administration]] in the public sector. Both efforts center on theories of efficiency. Classical works have seasoned and have been elaborated upon in depth.<ref name="classics" /> There are at least two subtopics under the classical perspective: the scientific management and bureaucracy theory.'''<ref name="Daft">Daft, R. L., and A. Armstrong. 2009. ''Organization Theory and Design''. Toronto: Nelson.</ref>'''

A number of sociologists and psychologists made major contributions to the study of the neoclassical perspective, which is also known as the human relations school of thought. The [[human relations movement]] was a movement which had the primary concerns of concentrating on topics such as morale, leadership. This perspective began in the [[1920s]] with the [[Hawthorne studies]], which gave emphasis to "affective and socio-psychological aspects of human behavior in organizations."<ref name=":0" /> The study, taking place at the "Hawthorne plant of the [[Western Electric Company]] between 1927 and 1932," would make [[Elton Mayo]] and his colleagues the most important contributors to the neoclassical perspective.<ref name="Wiest">The Wisest. 15 July 2011. "Neo-Classical School of Management Thought." ''Idea Today's''. Retrieved from {{cite web|title=Neo – Classical School of Management Thought &#124; Idea Today's|url=http://www.ideatodays.com/business/business-management/neo-classical-school-of-management-thought.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427111736/http://www.ideatodays.com/business/business-management/neo-classical-school-of-management-thought.html|archive-date=2012-04-27|access-date=2012-03-29}}</ref>

There was a wave of scholarly attention to organizational theory in the 1950s, which from some viewpoints held the field to still be in its infancy. A 1959 symposium held by the Foundation for Research on Human Behavior in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], was published as ''Modern Organization Theory''. Among a group of eminent organizational theorists active during this decade were [[E. Wight Bakke]], [[Chris Argyris]], [[James G. March]], [[Rensis Likert]], [[Jacob Marschak]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], and [[William Foote Whyte]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Posey|first=Rollin B.|date=March 1961|title=''Modern Organization Theory'' edited by Mason Haire|journal=Administrative Science Quarterly|volume=5|pages=609–611|doi=10.2307/2390625|jstor=2390625|number=4}}</ref>