Editing Oscar-class submarine (section)

==Versions==

===Project 949 ''Granit'' (Oscar I)===
{{Stack|[[File:Oscar I class SSGN.svg|thumb|Project 949]]}}
Two Project 949 ''Granit'' submarines were built at [[Severodvinsk]] between 1975 and 1982 and assigned to the [[Soviet Northern Fleet]]. [[Russian submarine K-525 Arkhangelsk|''K-525'']] was laid down in 1975 and [[Russian submarine K-206 Murmansk|''K-206'']] was laid down in 1979. After the construction of the first two submarines, production continued with the improved project 949A ''Antey''. Both submarines of the Project 949 were [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] in 1996<ref name="mtoday">{{cite news |url=http://www.military-today.com/navy/oscar_1_class.htm |title=Oscar 1 class |work=Military Today |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510135448/http://www.military-today.com/navy/oscar_1_class.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> and [[Ship breaking|scrapped]] in 2004.<ref name="bellona">{{cite news |url=http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/decommissioning/33199 |title=Zvezdochka dismantling two nuclear subs |publisher=[[Bellona Foundation]] |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322135113/http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/decommissioning/33199 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Project 949A ''Antei'' (Oscar II)===
{{Stack|[[File:Oscar II class SSGN.svg|thumb|Project 949A]]}}
Eleven Project 949A ''Antey'' submarines were completed at [[Severodvinsk]], of which five were assigned to the Soviet Northern Fleet. At one stage it had been planned to develop a new fourth-generation follow-on to the Project 949A, but this plan was later dropped. The external differences between the two classes were that the 949A class is about {{convert|10|m}} longer than its predecessor (approximately {{convert|154|m|disp=comma}} rather than {{convert|143|m|disp=comma|abbr=on}}), providing space and buoyancy for improved electronics and quieter propulsion.

Some sources speculate that the acoustic performance of the Oscar II class is superior to early {{sclass|Akula|submarine|4}} but inferior to the ''Akula II'' class as well as subsequent (4th generation) designs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2009/11/subnoise/ |title=China's Noisy Nuclear Submarines » FAS Strategic Security Blog |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=2013-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715065441/http://fas.org/blogs/security/2009/11/subnoise/ |archive-date=2014-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a larger fin, and its [[propeller]]s have seven blades instead of four.<ref name="fas" >{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/949.htm |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |title=Project 949 Granit / Oscar I; Project 949A Antey / Oscar II |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227151256/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/949.htm |archive-date=2011-12-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Like all post-World War II Soviet designs, they are of [[Submarine hull|double hull]] construction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://warfare.be/?lang=&linkid=1763&catid=305 |title=949 /A Oscar I/II class |publisher=warfare.be |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225165210/http://warfare.be/?lang=&linkid=1763&catid=305 |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, like other Soviet submarine designs, Project 949 not only has a [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] open to the elements on top of the [[sail (submarine)|sail]] but, for use in inclement weather, there is an enclosed bridge forward and slightly below this station. A distinguishing mark is a slight bulge at the top of the fin. A large door on either side of the fin reaches this bulge. These are wider at the top than on the bottom, and are hinged on the bottom. The [[Federation of American Scientists]]<ref name="fas" /> reports that this submarine carries an emergency crew escape capsule; it is possible that these doors cover it. The VSK escape capsule can accommodate 110 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2000/08/27/a-mystery-in-the-deep.html |title=A Mystery In The Deep |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116094829/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2000/08/27/a-mystery-in-the-deep.html |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref>

===Project 949AM===
Modernization of Project 949A submarines, first announced by the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence Ministry]] in 2011.<ref name=lenta.ru/> As part of the modernization, submarines will have their 24 P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles replaced with up to 72 newer [[3M-54 Kalibr]] or [[P-800 Oniks]] anti-ship cruise missiles. The upgrade requires no design changes to the hull as the new missiles will fit into the existing launchers outside the pressure hull. The modernized boats will also get upgraded Omnibus-M combat information and Simfoniya-3.2 navigation systems, as well as new fire-control system, communications, sonar, radar, and electronic intercept equipment.<ref name=janes2016/> The modernization aims to bring the submarines up to the same technological level as Russia's next-generation [[Yasen-class submarine|Yasen-class]] nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines.<ref name=janes2015/>

=== Belgorod, Project 09852 ===
 {{Main|Russian submarine Belgorod}}
In December 2012, construction began on a special purpose research and rescue submarine, designated Project 09852, and based on the incomplete Project 949A (Oscar II class) submarine [[Russian submarine Belgorod (K-329)|''Belgorod'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Nuclear-Attack-Submarines/Project-09852_a000343002.aspx|title=Project 09852|website=Deagel.com|access-date=2016-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228135041/http://www.deagel.com/Nuclear-Attack-Submarines/Project-09852_a000343002.aspx|archive-date=2016-12-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="world-nuclear-news1">{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Russia_builds_deep_sea_research_submarine-2112126.html |title=Russia builds deep-sea research submarine |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |date=2012-12-21 |access-date=2013-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062020/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Russia_builds_deep_sea_research_submarine-2112126.html |archive-date=2013-02-13 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2012/12/russia-builds-nuclear-submarine-deep-water-research-21-12 |title=Russia builds nuclear submarine for deep-water research |work=Barents Observer |access-date=29 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403234034/http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2012/12/russia-builds-nuclear-submarine-deep-water-research-21-12 |archive-date=3 April 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The submarine is reportedly designed to carry both manned (e.g. Project 18511 midget submarine) as well as unmanned (e.g. Klavesin-1R) underwater vessels.<ref name="world-nuclear-news1"/><ref name="hisutton.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hisutton.com/Spy%20Subs%20-Project%2009852%20Belgorod.html|title=Spy Subs -Project 09852 Belgorod|website=Hisutton.com|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423195513/http://www.hisutton.com/Spy%2520Subs%2520-Project%252009852%2520Belgorod.html|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, while carrying smaller unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) would be possible as-is on an Oscar-class hull, the accommodation of a midget submarine such as Project 18511 ''Paltus'' or the even larger [[Russian submarine Losharik|Project 10831 ''Losharik'']],<ref>{{cite web |author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/210.htm |title=Project 210 Losharik |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |access-date=2013-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226065523/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/210.htm |archive-date=2012-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> would probably require a major hull extension in order to accommodate a docking compartment. For example, the length of the submarine BS-64 ''Podmoskovye'' was increased by {{convert|9|m}} even though the SLBM missile compartment was completely removed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/64929/russia-s-new-submarine-mothership-sets-sail |title=Russia's new submarine mothership sets sail &#124; IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=2016-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212161303/http://www.janes.com/article/64929/russia-s-new-submarine-mothership-sets-sail |archive-date=2017-02-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2015/08/russian-nuclear-submarine-launched-after-modernization-13-08|title=Barentsobserver|website=Barentsobserver|access-date=2016-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822150825/http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2015/08/russian-nuclear-submarine-launched-after-modernization-13-08|archive-date=2015-08-22|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Belgorod'' will be reportedly used as a carrier of the rumored [[Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System|Poseidon]] ([[NATO reporting name]] '''Kanyon''') nuclear-powered, thermonuclear armed [[Autonomous underwater vehicle|unmanned underwater device]] capable to carry a 100 Mt [[thermonuclear warhead]], with at least four such devices being carried horizontally in place of the 24 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 ''Shipwreck'') launchers for a total yield of 600 [[TNT equivalent|megatonnes of TNT]].<ref name="hisutton.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hisutton.com/Analysis%20-%20Russian%20Status-6%20aka%20KANYON%20nuclear%20deterrence%20and%20Pr%2009851%20submarine.html|title=Analysis - Russian Status-6 aka KANYON nuclear deterrence and Pr 09851 submarine|website=hisutton.com|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217102317/http://www.hisutton.com/Analysis%20-%20Russian%20Status-6%20aka%20KANYON%20nuclear%20deterrence%20and%20Pr%2009851%20submarine.html|archive-date=17 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/space/2018/01/12/russias-nuclear-underwater-drone-is-real-and-in-the-nuclear-posture-review/|title=Russia's nuclear underwater drone is real and in the Nuclear Posture Review|website=defensenews.com|date=12 January 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-date=25 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225165233/https://www.defensenews.com/space/2018/01/12/russias-nuclear-underwater-drone-is-real-and-in-the-nuclear-posture-review/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a25953089/russia-apocalypse-torpedo-poseidon/|title=The Truth Behind Russia's 'Apocalypse Torpedo'|website=popularmechanics.com|date=18 January 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330225429/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a25953089/russia-apocalypse-torpedo-poseidon/|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

It is estimated that ''Belgorod'' will be {{convert|184|m}} long which would make it the longest submarine in the world.<ref name="hisutton.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2017/05/russias-new-military-research-submarine-arctic-waters-will-be-worlds-largest|title=Now, Russia builds a submarine even bigger than the Typhoon|website=thebarentsobserver.com|date=3 May 2017|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929024151/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2017/05/russias-new-military-research-submarine-arctic-waters-will-be-worlds-largest|archive-date=29 September 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On 23 April 2019, ''Belgorod'' was floated out of a slipway during a ceremony at the Sevmash shipyard, watched by the President of Russia [[Vladimir Putin]] via a TV-link. Further work was to be completed afloat and the submarine was scheduled to start its factory and state trials in 2020 after which it was to be delivered to the Russian Navy.<ref name="Belgorod floated out">{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/1055188|title=Russia floats out first nuclear sub that will carry Poseidon strategic underwater drones|website=[[TASS]]|date=23 April 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423160916/http://tass.com/defense/1055188|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/russia-launches-doomsday-supersub|title=Russia launches huge 'doomsday' supersub|last=Rogers|first=James|date=2019-04-24|website=Fox News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424211709/https://www.foxnews.com/tech/russia-launches-doomsday-supersub|archive-date=2019-04-24|url-status=live}}</ref> However, this schedule was delayed with sea trials then projected to begin in May 2021.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1274461|title=Belgorod nuclear submarine carrier with Poseidon nuke drones to serve in Pacific|website=Tass.com|access-date=2021-04-06|archive-date=2021-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406130735/https://tass.com/defense/1274461|url-status=live}}</ref> After some delays, sea trials were reported to have started on June 25, 2021.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1307509|title=Belgorod nuclear sub begins its first sea trials|website=Tass.com|access-date=2021-06-26|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626114132/https://tass.com/defense/1307509|url-status=live}}</ref> The submarine was delivered to the Russian Navy on 8 July 2022.<ref name="TASS Belgorod">{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1477527|title=Shipbuilders deliver special-purpose sub with nuclear-powered drones to Russian Navy|website=tass.com|date=8 July 2022|access-date=8 July 2022|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713202704/https://tass.com/defense/1477527|url-status=live}}</ref>