Editing Overgrazing (section)

== By region ==
===Africa-Sahel region===
There have been overgrazing consequences in the region [[Sahel]] region. The violent [[herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria]], [[Mali]], [[Sudanese nomadic conflicts|Sudan]] and other countries in the Sahel region have been exacerbated by land degradation and overgrazing.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Deadliest Conflict You've Never Heard of |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/nigeria/2019-01-23/deadliest-conflict-youve-never-heard |work=[[Foreign Policy]] |date=23 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The battle on the frontline of climate change in Mali |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/the-reporters-46921487 |work=BBC News |date=22 January 2019}}</ref> See [[2010 Sahel famine]].

===Sub-Sahara Africa===
Various countries in [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Sahara Africa]] are affected by overgrazing and resulting ecological effects.
In [[Namibia]], overgrazing is considered the main cause of [[woody plant encroachment]] at the expenses of grasses on a land area of up to 45 million hectares.

===Australia===
In many arid zones in [[Australia]], overgrazing by sheep and cattle during the 19th century, as [[pastoralism]] was introduced by European settlers, caused many long-lived species of trees and shrubs to give way to short-lived [[annual plant]]s and [[weed]] species. Introduced [[Rabbits in Australia|feral rabbits]], [[Cats in Australia|cats]] and [[Red foxes in Australia|foxes]] exacerbated the threat to both [[flora and fauna]]. Many bird species have become extinct or endangered, and many of the medium-sized desert mammals are now completely extinct or only exist on a few [[islands of Australia]].<ref name=emr2016>{{cite web | title=Arid Recovery – Roxby Downs, South Australia | website=EMR Project Summaries | date=15 March 2016 | url=https://site.emrprojectsummaries.org/2016/03/15/arid-recovery-roxby-downs-south-australia/ | access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>

Overgrazing can also occur with native species. In the [[Australian Capital Territory]], the local government in 2013 authorised a [[Culling|cull]] of 1455 [[Eastern grey kangaroo|kangaroos]] due to overgrazing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-10|title=ACT Territory and Municipal Services Directorate {{!}} Media Releases Kangaroo conservation cull to go ahead|url=https://www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/tamsd/2013/july/kangaroo-conservation-cull-to-go-ahead|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20200702004610/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/144647/20200702-0411/www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/tamsd/2013/july/kangaroo-conservation-cull-to-go-ahead.html|archive-date=2020-07-02|access-date=2021-06-12|website=ACT Territory and Municipal Services Directorate|publisher=[[Government of the Australian Capital Territory]]}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> [[Maisie Carr]] (1912-1988), Ecologist and Botanist, undertook significant research and studies in overgrazing and established consequences on the surrounding land in Australia.

=== Caribbean ===
In the [[Caribbean]] region, overgrazing is a threat to vegetation areas where there is livestock farming, which is an important source of livelihood and food security for many people. a combination of small scale livestock farming with small ruminants, and mixed farming is practised. However, livestock consume vegetation faster than it can be renewed and this leads to land degradation, loss of vegetative areas, and soil erosion resulting in poor quality feed and reduced livestock yields and income. Also, these grazing lands are critical in controlling carbon dioxide and mitigating risks against severe weather such as floods and droughts. Overgrazing weakens ecological conservation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Islands - Threats {{!}} CEPF |url=https://www.cepf.net/our-work/biodiversity-hotspots/caribbean-islands/threats |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.cepf.net |language=en}}</ref>

===New Zealand===

In [[New Zealand]], overgrazing is a massive threat to the native species of flora and fauna, especially the native bushes which are often overlooked by invasive species looking for homes.{{fact|date=May 2024}} Mustalids, rabbits, hares and possums often eat the plants that hold soil together. This makes the ground very unstable and crumbly. If soil is unstable, it is prone to collapse in extreme weather events such as floods and heavy rain. This is detrimental to farmers of crops and animals alike. 40% of the native species of New Zealand have been wiped out by pests including humans.{{fact|date=May 2024}}