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Oxisol
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==Occurrence== Present-day oxisols are found almost exclusively in tropical areas, in [[South America]] and [[Africa]], almost always on highly stable continental [[craton]]s. In [[Southeast Asia#Geography|Southeast Asia]], oxisols are found on remnants of the [[Cimmeria (continent)|Cimmerian microcontinent]], and on the [[Shan–Thai terrane]]. In [[Geography of Thailand|Thailand]], rhodic ferralsols, called [[Yasothon Province|Yasothon]] soils, are said to have formed under humid tropical conditions in the early [[Tertiary]], on an extensive plain later uplifted to form the [[Khorat Plateau]]. Characterized by a bright red color, these [[relict (geology)|relict]] soils occur on uplands in a great semicircle around the southern rim, overlying associated [[gravel]] [[Soil horizon|horizon]]s said to have been cleared of [[sand]] by [[termites]], in a prolonged and still on-going process of [[bioturbation]]. Xanthic ferralsols of the [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Khorat]] and [[Ubon Ratchathani Province|Udon]] series, characterized by a pale yellow to brown color, developed in midlands in processes still under investigation; as are those forming lowland soils resembling European [[brown soil]]s.<ref>Lofjle, E.; Kubiniok, J. ''Landform development and bioturbation on the Khorat plateau, Northeast Thailand'', Nat.Hist.Bull.Siam Soc. (56), 1996 {{cite web |url=http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/53002297.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-23 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184927/http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/53002297.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> In [[Australia]] vast areas formerly covered in rainforest have become so dry that oxisols have formed a hard [[ironstone]] cover upon which only [[Orthents|skeletal soils]] can form.
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