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P wave
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===P wave shadow zone=== [[Image:Earthquake wave shadow zone.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|P wave shadow zone (from [[USGS]])]] Almost all the information available on the structure of the Earth's deep interior is derived from observations of the travel times, [[Reflection (physics)|reflection]]s, [[refraction]]s and phase transitions of seismic body waves, or [[normal modes]]. P waves travel through the fluid layers of the [[Internal structure of Earth|Earth's interior]], and yet they are refracted slightly when they pass through the transition between the semisolid [[mantle (geology)|mantle]] and the liquid [[Internal structure of Earth#Core|outer core]]. As a result, there is a P wave "[[shadow zone]]" between 103Β° and 142Β°<ref>Lowrie, William. ''The Fundamentals of Geophysics''. Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 149.</ref> from the earthquake's focus, where the initial P waves are not registered on seismometers. In contrast, S waves do not travel through liquids.
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