Editing Packaging (section)

===Modern era===

====Tinplate====
The use of [[tinning|tinplate]] for packaging dates back to the 18th century. The manufacturing of tinplate was the [[monopoly]] of [[Bohemia]] for a long time; in 1667 [[Andrew Yarranton]], an English [[engineer]], and [[Ambrose Crowley]] brought the method to [[England]] where it was improved by ironmasters including [[Philip Foley]].<ref>{{Citation|first=P.J.|last=Brown|title=Andrew Yarranton and the British tinplate industry|periodical=Historical Metallurgy|volume=22|year=1988|pages=42–48|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|first=P.W.|last=King|title=Wolverley Lower Mill and the beginnings of the tinplate industry|periodical=Historical Metallurgy|volume=22|year=1988|pages=104–113|issue=2}}</ref> By 1697, [[John Hanbury (1664–1734)|John Hanbury]]<ref>{{Harvnb|King|1988|p= 109}}</ref> had a rolling mill at [[Pontypool]] for making "Pontypool Plates".<ref>H.R. Schubert, ''History of the British iron and steel industry ... to 1775'', 429.</ref><ref>{{Citation|first=W.W.|last=Minchinton|title=The British tinplate industry: a history|year=1957|publisher=Clarendon Press, Oxford|page=10}}</ref> The method pioneered there of rolling iron plates by means of cylinders enabled more uniform black plates to be produced than was possible with the former practice of [[hammer]]ing.

Tinplate boxes first began to be sold from ports in the [[Bristol Channel]] in 1725.  The tinplate was shipped from [[Newport, Monmouthshire]].<ref>Data extracted from D.P. Hussey ''et al., Gloucester Port Books Database'' (CD-ROM, University of Wolverhampton 1995).</ref> By 1805, 80,000 boxes were made and 50,000 exported. [[Tobacco]]nists in London began packaging snuff in metal-plated canisters from the 1760s onwards.

====Canning====
[[Image:Canning stewpan advertisement.jpg|thumb|left|upright|1914 magazine advertisement for [[cookware]] with instructions for home canning]]
With the discovery of the importance of airtight containers for [[food preservation]] by French inventor [[Nicholas Appert]], the tin canning process was patented by British merchant [[Peter Durand]] in 1810.<ref>{{cite web|last=Geoghegan |first=Tom |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21689069 |title=BBC News - The story of how the tin can nearly wasn't |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=April 21, 2013 |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> After receiving the patent, Durand did not himself follow up with canning food. He sold his patent in 1812 to two other Englishmen, [[Bryan Donkin]] and John Hall, who refined the process and product and set up the world's first commercial canning factory on Southwark Park Road, London. By 1813, they were producing the first canned goods for the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{cite book|page=107|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAA5M2eIWqwC|title=People and Industries|author=William H. Chaloner|publisher=Routledge|year=1963|isbn=978-0-7146-1284-3}}</ref>

The progressive improvement in canning stimulated the 1855 invention of the [[can opener]]. Robert Yeates, a cutlery and surgical instrument maker of Trafalgar Place West, Hackney Road, [[Middlesex]], UK, devised a claw-ended can opener with a hand-operated tool that haggled its way around the top of metal cans.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7IhN7lempUC|isbn=978-1-57958-380-4|date=September 27, 2004}}</ref> In 1858, another lever-type opener of a more complex shape was patented in the United States by [[Ezra Warner (inventor)|Ezra Warner]] of [[Waterbury, Connecticut]].

====Paper-based packaging====
[[File:Packing salt packages.jpg|thumb|upright|Packing folding cartons of salt]]
Set-up boxes were first used in the 16th century and modern [[folding carton]]s date back to 1839.  The first [[corrugated box]] was produced commercially in 1817 in England. [[Corrugated paper|Corrugated (also called pleated) paper]] received a British patent in 1856 and was used as a liner for tall hats. Scottish-born [[Robert Gair]] invented the pre-cut [[paperboard]] box in 1890—flat pieces manufactured in bulk that folded into boxes. Gair's invention came about as a result of an accident: as a [[Brooklyn]] printer and paper-bag maker during the 1870s, he was once printing an order of seed bags, and the metal ruler, commonly used to crease bags, shifted in position and cut them. Gair discovered that by cutting and creasing in one operation he could make prefabricated paperboard boxes.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cartons, crates and corrugated board: handbook of paper and wood packaging technology|author1=Diana Twede  |author2=Susan E.M. Selke |name-list-style=amp |publisher=DEStech Publications|year=2005|isbn=978-1-932078-42-8|pages=41–42, 55–56|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kc0MSzFvrH8C}}</ref>

Commercial paper bags were first manufactured in [[Bristol]], [[England]], in 1844, and the American [[Francis Wolle]] patented a machine for automated bag-making in 1852.