Editing Papermaking (section)

== Industrial ==
{{Main|Paper machine}}
{{See also|Paper mill|Pulp and paper industry}}
[[File:Tervakosken paperitehdas.jpg|thumb|The [[Tervakoski Oy|Tervakoski Paper Mill]] in [[Tervakoski]], [[Janakkala]], [[Finland]]]]
A modern paper mill{{when|date=November 2022}} is divided into several sections, roughly corresponding to the processes involved in making handmade paper. Pulp is refined and mixed in water with other additives to make a pulp slurry. The head-box of the paper machine called [[Fourdrinier machine]] distributes the slurry onto a moving continuous screen, water drains from the slurry by gravity or under vacuum, the wet paper sheet goes through presses and dries, and finally rolls into large rolls. The outcome often weighs several tons.{{cn|date=November 2022}}

Another type of paper machine, invented by John Dickinson in 1809, makes use of a cylinder [[moulding (process)|mould]] that rotates while partially immersed in a vat of dilute pulp. The pulp is picked up by the wire mesh and covers the mould as it rises out of the vat. A couch roller is pressed against the mould to smooth out the pulp, and picks the wet sheet off the mould.<ref>''Paper Machine Clothing: Key to the Paper Making Process'' Sabit Adanur, Asten, CRC Press, 1997, pp. 120–136, {{ISBN|978-1-56676-544-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/cylinder-machine|title=Cylinder machine device|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref>

Papermaking continues to be of [[Paper pollution|concern from an environmental perspective]], due to its use of harsh chemicals, its need for large amounts of water, and the resulting contamination risks, as well as the [[carbon sequestration]] lost by [[deforestation]] caused by clearcutting the trees used as the primary source of [[wood pulp]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Mingxing |last2=Wang |first2=Yutao |last3=Shi |first3=Lei |last4=Klemeš |first4=Jiří Jaromír |title=Uncovering energy use, carbon emissions and environmental burdens of pulp and paper industry: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |date=1 September 2018 |volume=92 |pages=823–833 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.036 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.036 |issn=1364-0321|url-access=subscription }}</ref>