Editing Paraphilia (section)

===History of paraphilic terminology===
Many terms have been used to describe atypical sexual interests, and there remains debate regarding technical accuracy and perceptions of stigma.<ref name="wiederman2003">{{cite journal|first=Milan|last=Weiderman|date=2003|title=Paraphilia and Fetishism|journal=[[The Family Journal]]|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|volume=11|issue=3|pages=315–321|doi=10.1177/1066480703252663|s2cid=146788566}}</ref><ref name="bullough1995">{{cite book|first=Vern L.|last=Bullough|author-link=Vern Bullough|date=1995|url=http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/LIBRO.HTM|title=Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research|page=281|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-465-07259-0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022080700/http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/LIBRO.HTM|archive-date=22 October 2006|accessdate=5 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="moser2001">{{cite book|last=Moser|first=Charles Allen|authorlink=Charles Allen Moser|date=2001|chapter=Critiques of conventional models of sex therapy|editor-first=Peggy J.|editor-last=Kleinplatz|editor-link=Peggy J. Kleinplatz|title=New directions in sex therapy: innovations and alternatives|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis|Psychology Press]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-0-87630-967-4}}</ref><ref name="mccammon2004">{{cite book|last1=McCammon|first1=Susan|last2=Knox|first2=David|last3=Schacht|first3=Caroline|date=2004|title=Choices in sexuality|page=476|publisher=Atomic Dog Publishing|location=Mason, Ohio|isbn=978-1-59260-050-2}}</ref> Money described paraphilia as "a sexuoerotic embellishment of, or alternative to the official, ideological norm."<ref name="money1990">{{cite book|last=Money|first=John|author-link=John Money|date=1990|title=Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-506331-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gaystraightinbet0000mone/page/139 139]}}</ref> Psychiatrist [[Glen Gabbard]] writes that despite efforts by Wilhelm Stekel and John Money, "the term ''paraphilia'' remains pejorative in most circumstances."<ref name="gabbard2007">{{cite book|last=Gabbard|first=Glen O.|author-link=Glen O. Gabbard|date=2007|title=Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders|publisher=American Psychiatric Press|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|page=581|isbn=978-1-58562-216-0}}</ref>

In the late 19th century, psychologists and psychiatrists started to categorize various paraphilias as they wanted a more descriptive system than the legal and religious constructs of [[sodomy]],<ref name="dailey1989">{{cite book |last=Dailey |first=Dennis M. |title=The Sexually Unusual: Guide to Understanding and Helping |date=1989 |publisher=[[Haworth Press]] |isbn=978-1-4179-3834-6 |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |pages=15–16}}</ref> as well as [[perversion]].<ref name="purcell2006">{{cite book |last1=Purcell |first1=Catherine E. |title=The psychology of lust murder: paraphilia, sexual killing, and serial homicide |last2=Arrigo |first2=Bruce A. |date=2006 |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |isbn=978-0-12-370510-5 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=16}}</ref> In 1914, [[Albert Eulenburg]] observed a commonality across the paraphilias, using the terminology of his time writing, "All the forms of sexual perversion ... have one thing in common: their roots reach down into the matrix of natural and normal sex life; there they are somehow closely connected with the feelings and expressions of our physiological erotism. They are ... hyperbolic intensifications, distortions, monstrous fruits of certain partial and secondary expressions of this erotism which is considered 'normal' or at least within the limits of healthy sex feeling."<ref>[[Albert Eulenburg|Eulenburg]] (1914). ''Ueber sexualle Perversionen. Ztschr. f. Sexualwissenschaft''. Vol. I, No. 8. Translated by [[Wilhelm Stekel|Stekel, Wilhelm]] (1940). ''Sexual Aberrations: The Phenomena of Fetishism in rRelation to Sex''. New York: Liveright, p. 4. {{OCLC|795528}}.</ref>

Before the introduction of the term ''paraphilia'' in the DSM-III (1980), the term ''sexual deviation'' was used to refer to paraphilias in the first two editions of the manual.<ref>Laws & O'Donohue, p. 384</ref> In 1981, an article published in ''[[American Journal of Psychiatry]]'' described paraphilia as "recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving" the following:<ref name="AJP">{{cite journal|last1=Spitzer|first1=Robert L.|author-link=Robert Spitzer (psychiatrist)|title=The diagnostic status of homosexuality in DSM-III: A reformulation of the issues|journal=[[The American Journal of Psychiatry]]|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|volume=138|issue=2|pages=210–215|date=February 1981|pmid=7457641|doi=10.1176/ajp.138.2.210}}</ref>
* [[Object sexuality|Non-human objects]]
* [[BDSM|The suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner]]
* [[Pedophilia|Prepubescent children]]
* Non-consenting persons