Editing Pediment (section)

===Classical===
The pediment is found in classical Greek temples, Etruscan, Roman, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, and Beaux-Arts architecture.  Greek temples, normally rectangular in plan, generally had a pediment at each end, but Roman temples, and subsequent revivals, often had only one, in both cases across the whole width of the main front or facade. The rear of the typical Roman temple was a blank wall, usually without columns, but often a full pediment above.  This effectively divorced the pediment from the columns beneath it in the original temple front ensemble, and thereafter it was no longer considered necessary for a pediment to be above columns. 

The most famous example of the Greek scheme is the [[Parthenon]], with two [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanums]] filled with large groups of sculpted figures.<ref name=":0" />  An extreme but very influential example of the Roman style is the [[Pantheon, Rome]], where a portico with pediment fronts a circular temple.<ref>Summerson, 25, 39</ref>
[[File:Markttor zu Milet-Pergamonmuseum-2018.jpg|thumb|2nd-century [[Market Gate of Miletus]], Pergamon Museum, Berlin]]

In [[ancient Rome]], the [[Renaissance]], and later [[Revivalism (architecture)|architectural revivals]], small pediments are a non-structural element over [[window]]s, [[door]]s, and [[aedicula]]e,<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kimball|first1=Fiske|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUsAAAAAYAAJ|title=A History of Architecture|last2=Edgell|first2=George Harold|date=1918|publisher=Harper & Brothers|pages=108, 118, 144, 423|language=en}}</ref> protecting windows and openings from rain, as well as being decorative.  From the 5th century pediments also might appear on tombs and later non-architectural objects such as [[sarcophagi]].<ref>Lawrence, 190, Plate 95B</ref>

In the Hellenistic period pediments became used for a wider range of buildings, and treated much more freely, especially outside Greece itself. Broken and open pediments are used in a way that is often described as "baroque".  The large 2nd-century [[Market Gate of Miletus]], now reconstructed in the [[Pergamon Museum]] in [[Berlin]], has a pediment that retreats in the centre, so appears both broken and open, a feature also seen at the [[Al-Khazneh]] (so-called "Treasury") tomb at [[Petra]] in modern [[Jordan]].  The broken pediments on each of the four sides of the [[Arch of Septimius Severus (Leptis Magna)|Arch of Septimius Severus]] at [[Leptis Magna]] in [[Libya]] are very small elements, raking at an extremely steep angle, but not extending beyond the entablature for the columns below. There are two faces to each pediment, both carved, with one lying parallel to the wall of the monument, and the other at right angles to that.

The [[Arch of Augustus (Rimini)|Arch of Augustus]] in [[Rimini]], Italy (27 BC), an early imperial monument, suggests that at this stage provincial Roman architects were not well practiced in the classical vocabulary; the base of the pediment ends close to, but not over, the capitals of the columns. Here the whole temple front is decoration applied to a very solid wall, but the lack of respect for the conventions of Greek [[post and lintel|trabeated]] architecture remains rather disconcerting.<ref>Favro, Diane, entry in the ''Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology'', p. 65, 2015, ed. Nancy Thomson de Grummond, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9781134268542, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LeE4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 google books]
</ref> 

Conventional Roman pediments have a slightly steeper pitch than classical Greek ones, perhaps because they ended tiled roofs that received heavier rainfall.

<gallery widths="170" mode="packed" heights="150">

Горгона артеміда.jpg|[[Ancient Greek architecture|Ancient Greek]] west pediment of the Temple of Artemis in Corfu, {{circa}}580 BC, probably limestone, [[Archaeological Museum of Corfu]], [[Kerkyra]], Greece

File:Paestum Temples (Italy, October 2020) - 19 (50562342776).jpg|Ancient Greek west front of the [[Temple of Athena (Paestum)|Temple of Athena, Paestum]], unknown architect, {{circa}}500 BC

File:Reconstruction drawing of the Temple of Aphaea, Aegina, Greece (01).jpg|Reconstruction drawing of the facade of the [[Temple of Aphaia]], [[Aegina]], Greece, including its pediment, unknown temple architect or illustrator, {{circa}}500 BC

File:Reconstruction drawing of the Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece (01).jpg|Reconstruction drawing of the facade of the [[Temple of Zeus, Olympia|Temple of Zeus]], [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], Greece, including its pediment, unknown architect or illustrator, {{circa}}472-456 BC

Reconstruction drawing of the Temple of Zeus Hellanios Aegina, Greece, by Charles Garnier, 1852 (01).webp|Reconstruction drawing of the facade of the [[Temple of Hellanius Zeus (Aegina)|Temple of Hellanius Zeus]], Aegina, including its pediment, showing the [[polychromy]] all ancient sculptures and buildings had, unknown architect, illustrated by [[Charles Garnier (architect)|Charles Garnier]] in 1852, unknown date

File:Acròpoli d'Atenes, façana est del Partenó.JPG|One of the few sections of the sculpture of the Ancient Greek pediment of the [[Parthenon]] still in place; others are the [[Elgin Marbles]] in the [[British Museum]], London
File:Pediments of the Parthenon as they were in 1683 - Stuart James & Revett Nicholas - 1816.jpg|Illustrations with the sculptures of the two pediments of the Parthenon, by [[James "Athenian" Stuart|James Stuart]] and [[Nicholas Revett]] in 1794
File:Arco d´Augusto Rimini.JPG|[[Roman architecture|Roman]] pediment of the [[Arch of Augustus (Rimini)|Arch of Augustus]], Rimini, 27 BC

File:Celsus library in Ephesus (5631574095).jpg|Roman mascaron with [[rinceau]]x in a segmental [[pediment]] of the [[Library of Celsus]], Ephesus, Turkey, unknown architect, {{circa}}110 AD

File:DM Tiberius Claudius Chryseros.jpg|Roman pediment on a funerary urn, unknown date, marble, [[Terme di Diocleziano]], Rome

Disco de Teodosio.jpg|Late Roman-early [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] pediment on the [[Missorium of Theodosius I]], 388, silver, [[Real Academia de la Historia]], Madrid, Spain<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eastmond|first1=Anthony|title=The Glory of Byzantium and early Christendom|date=2013|publisher=Phaidon|isbn=978-0-7148-4810-5|page=45|url=|language=en}}</ref>
</gallery>