Editing Persistent organic pollutant (section)

=== Bioaccumulation ===
[[Bioaccumulation]] of POPs is typically associated with the compounds high lipid solubility and ability to accumulate in the [[adipose tissue|fatty tissues]] of living organisms including human tissues for long periods of time.<ref name="Wania, F. 1996"/><ref name="Vallack, H.W. 1998">{{cite journal |last1=Vallack |first1=Harry W. |last2=Bakker |first2=Dick J. |last3=Brandt |first3=Ingvar |last4=Broström-Lundén |first4=Eva |last5=Brouwer |first5=Abraham |last6=Bull |first6=Keith R. |last7=Gough |first7=Clair |last8=Guardans |first8=Ramon |last9=Holoubek |first9=Ivan |last10=Jansson |first10=Bo |last11=Koch |first11=Rainer |last12=Kuylenstierna |first12=Johan |last13=Lecloux |first13=André |last14=Mackay |first14=Donald |last15=McCutcheon |first15=Patrick |last16=Mocarelli |first16=Paolo |last17=Taalman |first17=Rob D.F. |title=Controlling persistent organic pollutants–what next? |journal=Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology |date=November 1998 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=143–175 |doi=10.1016/S1382-6689(98)00036-2| pmid = 21781891|bibcode=1998EnvTP...6..143V }}</ref> Persistent chemicals tend to have higher concentrations and are eliminated more slowly. Dietary accumulation or bioaccumulation is another hallmark characteristic of POPs, as POPs move up the food chain, they increase in concentration as they are processed and metabolized in certain tissues of organisms. The natural capacity for animals [[Human gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal tract]] to concentrate ingested chemicals, along with poorly [[Metabolism|metabolized]] and [[hydrophobic]] nature of POPs, makes such compounds highly susceptible to bioaccumulation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=George W. |last2=Laseter |first2=John |last3=Mylander |first3=Charles |title=Persistent Organic Pollutants in Serum and Several Different Fat Compartments in Humans |journal=Journal of Environmental and Public Health |date=2011 |volume=2011 |page=417980 |doi=10.1155/2011/417980 |pmid= 21647350 |pmc=3103883 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Thus POPs not only persist in the environment, but also as they are taken in by animals they bioaccumulate, increasing their concentration and toxicity in the environment.<ref name="Kelly, B.C. 2007"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lohmann |first1=Rainer |last2=Breivik |first2=Knut |last3=Dachs |first3=Jordi |last4=Muir |first4=Derek |title=Global fate of POPs: Current and future research directions |journal=Environmental Pollution |date=November 2007 |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=150–165 |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.051 |pmid=17698265|bibcode=2007EPoll.150..150L }}</ref> This increase in concentration is called biomagnification, which is where organisms higher up in the food chain have a greater accumulation of POPs.<ref>{{Cite web|last=US EPA|first=OITA|date=2014-04-02|title=Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Global Issue, A Global Response|url=https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/persistent-organic-pollutants-global-issue-global-response|access-date=2022-02-01|website=www.epa.gov|language=en}}</ref> Bioaccumulation and long-range transport are the reason why POPs can accumulate in organisms like whales, even in remote areas like Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Remili|first1=Anaïs|last2=Gallego|first2=Pierre|last3=Pinzone|first3=Marianna|last4=Castro|first4=Cristina|last5=Jauniaux|first5=Thierry|last6=Garigliany|first6=Mutien-Marie|last7=Malarvannan|first7=Govindan|last8=Covaci|first8=Adrian|last9=Das|first9=Krishna|date=2020-12-01|title=Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) breeding off Mozambique and Ecuador show geographic variation of persistent organic pollutants and isotopic niches|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749120362631|journal=Environmental Pollution|language=en|volume=267|pages=115575|doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115575|pmid=33254700|bibcode=2020EPoll.26715575R |hdl=10067/1744230151162165141 |s2cid=225008427 |issn=0269-7491|hdl-access=free}}</ref>