Editing Personal Rule (section)

==The start of Personal Rule==
There has been considerable historiographical debate about the beginnings of Personal Rule, with some historians favouring a "high road" approach, like [[Christopher Hill (historian)|Christopher Hill]] which assesses the long-term causes of Personal Rule such as Stuart financial problems, religious issues (see [[James VI and I and religious issues]] and [[English Reformation]]) and problems of state development. Other historians favour a "low road" approach, which blames problems immediately caused by Charles, such as the promotion of anti-Calvinist clergy to positions of authority (like [[Richard Montagu]] to the role of one of Charles' personal chaplains<ref>{{cite book |last= Durston |first= Christopher |title= Charles I |year= 1989 |publisher= Routledge |location= United Kingdom |isbn= 9780415143400 |page= 11 }}</ref>), reckless spending on the wars in France and Spain and the corrosive influence of [[George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham]] on relations between monarch and Parliament.

Ultimately, due to a combination of factors, the relationship between Charles and Parliament became unworkable, with both sides entrenched in conflict. Great debate had erupted over [[Darnell's Case]] (also known as the Five Knights Case),<ref>{{cite book |last= Harris |first= Tim |title= Rebellion: Britain's First Stuart Kings, 1567–1642 |year= 2014 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= United Kingdom |isbn= 9780199209002 |page= 264 }}</ref> leading to the passing of the [[Petition of Right]] into statute law. This Act of Parliament, despite being given Royal assent by Charles, offended the Royal Prerogative deeply; the monarch was restricted from imprisonment [[habeas corpus]], as well as imposing taxation without Parliamentary consent. Both Charles' obstinate attitude, as well as Parliament's recalcitrance led to the dissolution of Parliament in 1629.

All of this tension came to a head in early 1629. Sir John Eliot, the leader of the opposition to the King, announced a protestation known as the Three Resolutions.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bcw-project.org/church-and-state/the-kings-peace/king-charles-third-parliament |title= King Charles' Third Parliament, 1628–29 |last= Plant |first= David |date= 28 March 2005 |website= BCW Project |access-date= 2 December 2022 }}</ref> These resolutions denounced perceived [[Arminianism in the Church of England]], as well as calling upon merchants to refuse to pay [[tonnage and poundage]]. In response to this, on 10 March 1629, Sir John Finch (the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]]) attempted to adjourn the House of Commons on the King's command. However, he was prevented from rising from his seat to give this edict by three MPs – [[John Eliot (statesman)|John Eliot]], [[Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles]] and [[Benjamin Valentine]] – until the Three Resolutions had been passed. No formal vote took place on these resolutions, but members shouted their approval instead. The Commons then voted for its own adjournment. Furious, the King announced the dissolution of Parliament on 10 March 1629.