Editing Pick operating system (section)

==Derivative and related products==
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The Pick database was licensed to roughly three dozen licensees between 1978 and 1984. Application-compatible implementations evolved into derivatives and also inspired similar systems.

* Reality – The first implementation of the Pick database was on a Microdata platform using firmware and called [[Northgate Information Solutions|Reality]]. The first commercial release was in 1973. Microdata acquired CMC Ltd. in the early 80s and were based in Hemel Hempstead, England. The Microdata implementations ran in [[firmware]], so each upgrade had to be accompanied by a new configuration chip. Microdata itself was eventually bought by [[McDonnell Douglas Information Systems]]. Pick and Microdata sued each other for the right to market the database, the final judgment being that they both had the right. In addition to the Reality Sequoia and Pegasus series of computers, Microdata and CMC Ltd. sold the Sequel (Sequoia) series which was a much larger class able to handle over 1000 simultaneous users. The earlier Reality minicomputers were known to handle well over 200 simultaneous users, although performance was slow and it was above the official limit. Pegasus systems superseded Sequoia and could handle even more simultaneous users than its predecessors. The modern version of this original Pick implementation is owned and distributed by Northgate Information Solutions Reality.
* Ultimate – The second implementation of the Pick database was developed in about 1978 by an American company called The Ultimate Corp, run by Ted Sabarese. Like the earlier Microdata port, this was a firmware implementation, with the Pick instruction set in firmware and the monitor in assembly code on a [[Honeywell Level 6]] machine. The system had dual personalities in that the monitor/kernel functions (mostly hardware I/O and scheduling) were executed by the native Honeywell Level 6 instruction set. When the monitor "select next user" for activation control was passed to the Honeywell WCS (writable control store) to execute Pick assembler code (implemented in microcode) for the selected process. When the user's time slice expired control was passed back to the kernel running the native Level 6 instruction set.
** Ultimate took this concept further with the DEC LSI/11 family of products by implementing a co-processor in hardware (bit-slice, firmware driven). Instead of a single processor with a WCS microcode enhanced instruction set, this configuration used two independent but cooperating CPUs. The LSI11 CPU executed the monitor functions and the co-processor executed the Pick assembler instruction set. The efficiencies of this approach resulted in a 2× performance improvement. The co-processor concept was used again to create a 5×, 7×, and dual-7× versions for Honeywell Level 6 systems. Dual ported memory with private busses to the co-processors were used to increase performance of the LSI11 and Level 6 systems.
** Another version used a DEC [[LSI-11]] for the IOP and a 7X board. Ultimate enjoyed moderate success during the 1980s, and even included an implementation running as a layer on top of DEC VAX systems, the 750, 780, 785, and later the [[MicroVAX]]. Ultimate also had versions of the Ultimate Operating System running on IBM 370 series systems (under VM and native) and also the 9370 series computers. Ultimate was renamed Allerion, Inc., before liquidation of its assets. Most assets were acquired by [[Groupe Bull]], and consisted of mostly maintaining extant hardware. Bull had its own problems and in approximately 1994 the US maintenance operation was sold to [[Wang Laboratories|Wang]].
* Prime INFORMATION – Devcom, a Microdata reseller, wrote a Pick-style database system called INFORMATION in [[FORTRAN]] and assembler in 1979 to run on [[Prime Computer]] 50-series systems. It was then sold to Prime Computer and renamed Prime INFORMATION.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gill |first=Philip |date=March 24, 1986 |title=Pick Operating System Makes Converts of Users |page=93 |newspaper=[[Computerworld]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MskyBf-SNfUC |access-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> It was subsequently sold to [[VMark Software Inc]]. This was the first of the guest operating environment implementations. INFO/BASIC, a variant of [[Dartmouth BASIC]],<ref name="SiskProGuide"/> was used for database applications.
* [[Applied Digital Data Systems]] (ADDS) – First developed in 1981. This was the first implementation to be done in software only, so upgrades were accomplished by a tape load, rather than a new chip. The "Mentor" line was initially based on the Zilog Z-8000 chipset and this port set off a flurry of other software implementations across a wide array of processors with a large emphasis on the [[Motorola 68000]].
* ''UniVerse'' – Another implementation of the system, called [[Rocket U2|UniVerse]], was created by VMark Software and operated under [[Unix]] and [[Microsoft Windows]]. This was the first one to incorporate the ability to emulate other implementations of the system, such as Microdata's Reality Operating System, and Prime INFORMATION. Originally running on Unix, it was later also made available for Windows. It now is owned by Rocket Software. (The systems developed by Prime Computer and VMark are now owned by Rocket Software and referred to as "U2".)
* UniData – Very similar to UniVerse, but [[Rocket U2|UniData]] had facilities to interact with other Windows applications. It is also owned and distributed by Rocket Software.
* PI/open – Prime Computer rewrote Prime INFORMATION in C for the Unix-based systems it was selling, calling it PI+. It was then ported to other Unix systems offered by other hardware vendors and renamed PI/open.
* Fujitsu Microsystems of America – Another software implementation, existing in the late 1980s. Fujitsu Microsystems of America was acquired by Alpha Microsystems on October 28, 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olmos |first=David |date=October 28, 1989 |title=Alpha Micro Says It Will Purchase Fujitsu Company |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-28-fi-801-story.html |access-date=November 13, 2022 |website=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113160844/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-28-fi-801-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 11, 1990 |title=Alpha Micro Previews Apix Concurrent Pick+Unix V.4 |work=Computer Business Review}}</ref>
* Pyramid – Another software implementation in the 1980s
* General Automation "Zebra" – Another software implementation in the 1980s
* Altos – A software implementation on an 8086 chipset platform launched around 1983.
* [[Wicat]]/Pick – Another software implementation existing in the 1980s
* Sequoia – Another software implementation, existing from 1984. Sequoia was most well known for its fault-tolerant multi-processor model,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=Peter B. |year=1985 |title=The Sequoia computer |journal=ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News |publisher=Portal.acm.org |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=232 |doi=10.1145/327070.327218 |s2cid=16954105 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Simons |first1=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KaoKOvqhe2YC&q=sequoia+fault-tolerant&pg=PA217 |title=Fault-tolerant distributed computing – Google Boeken |last2=Spector |first2=Alfred Z. |year=1990 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783540973850 |access-date=January 21, 2012}}</ref> which could be dialed into with the user's permission and his switching terminal zero to remote with the key on the system console. He could watch what was done by the support person who had dialed on his terminal 0, a printer with a keyboard. Pegasus came out in 1987. The Enterprise Systems business unit (which was the unit that sold Pick), was sold to General Automation in 1996/1997.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sequoia Systems Reports Results for Second Quarter 1997 – Business Wire |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19052836.html |access-date=January 21, 2012 |publisher=Highbeam.com}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Revelation – In 1984, Cosmos released a Pick-style database called Revelation, later Advanced Revelation, for [[DOS]] on the [[IBM PC]]. Advanced Revelation is now owned by Revelation Technologies, which publishes a GUI-enabled version called OpenInsight.
* jBASE – jBASE was released in 1991 by a small company of the same name in [[Hemel Hempstead]], England. Written by former Microdata engineers, jBASE emulates all implementations of the system to some degree. jBASE compiles applications to native machine code form, rather than to an intermediate byte code. In 2015, cloud solutions provider Zumasys<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=January 5, 2015 |title=Zumasys Acquires jBASE Database From Temenos Software {{!}} Zumasys |url=https://www.zumasys.com/2015/01/05/zumasys-acquires-jbase-database/ |access-date=April 5, 2021 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302112246/https://www.zumasys.com/2015/01/05/zumasys-acquires-jbase-database/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in Irvine, California, acquired the jBASE distribution rights from Mpower1 as well as the intellectual property from [[Temenos Group]].<ref>{{cite web |date=January 5, 2015 |title=Zumasys Acquires jBASE Database From Temenos Software - |url=http://www.zumasys.com/admin/zumasys-acquires-jbase-database/ |website=www.zumasys.com |access-date=February 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213535/http://www.zumasys.com/admin/zumasys-acquires-jbase-database/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 14 Oct 2021, Zumasys announced they had sold their databases and tools, including jBASE to Rocket Software.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocket Software Acquires Database and Tools Products of Zumasys, Inc.; Companies Partner to Drive Modernization of MultiValue Applications {{!}} Rocket Software |url=https://www.rocketsoftware.com/news/rocket-software-acquires-database-and-tools-products-zumasys-inc-companies-partner-drive |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[Rocket Software]] |date=14 October 2021 |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001060142/https://www.rocketsoftware.com/news/rocket-software-acquires-database-and-tools-products-zumasys-inc-companies-partner-drive |url-status=live }}</ref>
* UniVision – UniVision was a Pick-style database designed as a replacement for the Mentor version, but with extended features, released in 1992 by EDP in [[Sheffield]], England.
* OpenQM – The only [[MultiValue]] database product available both as a fully supported non-open source commercial product and in open source form under the [[GNU General Public License|General Public License]]. OpenQM is available from its exclusive worldwide distributor, Zumasys.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.openqm.com/ |access-date=April 5, 2021 |website=OpenQM |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416025223/https://www.openqm.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Caché – In 2005 [[InterSystems]], the maker of [[Caché (software)|Caché]] database, announced support for a broad set of [[MultiValue]] extensions, Caché for MultiValue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caché for Unstructured Data Analysis {{!}} InterSystems |url=https://www.intersystems.com/products/cache/ |access-date=April 5, 2021 |website=InterSystems Corporation |language=en-US |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413005308/https://www.intersystems.com/products/cache/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ONware – ONware equips MultiValue applications with the ability to use common databases such as [[Oracle Database|Oracle]] and [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server]]. Using ONware, MultiValue applications can be integrated with relational, object, and object-relational applications.
* D3 – Pick Systems ported the Pick Operating System to run as a database product utilizing host [[Operating system|operating systems]] such as Unix, Linux, or Windows servers, with the data stored within the file system of the host operating system. Previous Unix or Windows versions had to run in a separate partition, which made interfacing with other applications difficult. The D3 releases opened the possibility of integrating internet access to the database or interfacing to popular word processing and spreadsheet applications, which has been successfully demonstrated by a number of users. The D3 family of databases and related tools is owned and distributed by Rocket Software.

Through the implementations above, and others, Pick-like systems became available as database, programming, and emulation environments running under many variants of Unix and Microsoft Windows.