Editing Pinaceae (section)

=== Phylogeny ===
A revised 2018 phylogeny places ''Cathaya'' as sister to the pines rather than in the Laricoidae subfamily with ''Larix'' and ''Pseudotsuga''.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=1 |Ran et al. 2018<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ran|first1=Jin-Hua|last2=Shen|first2=Ting-Ting|last3=Wu|first3=Hui|last4=Gong|first4=Xun|last5=Wang|first5=Xiao-Quan|date=2018-12-01|title=Phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pinaceae updated by transcriptomic analysis|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790318301246|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=129|pages=106–116|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.011|pmid=30153503 |bibcode=2018MolPE.129..106R |s2cid=52110440 |issn=1055-7903|url-access=subscription}}</ref> & Leslie et al. 2018<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Andrew B. |last2=Beaulieu |first2=Jeremy |last3=Holman |first3=Garth |last4=Campbell |first4=Christopher S. |last5=Mei |first5=Wenbin |last6=Raubeson |first6=Linda R. |last7=Mathews |first7=Sarah |display-authors=et al. |year=2018 |title=An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil record |journal=American Journal of Botany |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1143 |volume=105 |issue=9 |pages=1531–1544 | doi=10.1002/ajb2.1143 |pmid= 30157290|pmc= |bibcode= |doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Andrew B. |display-authors=et al. |year=2018 |title=ajb21143-sup-0004-AppendixS4 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=105 |issue=9 |pages=1531–1544 |doi=10.1002/ajb2.1143 |url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1002%2Fajb2.1143&file=ajb21143-sup-0004-AppendixS4.pdf |doi-access=|pmid=30157290 }}</ref>
! colspan=1 |Stull et al. 2021<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |last2=Qu |first2=Xiao-Jian |last3=Parins-Fukuchi |first3=Caroline |last4=Yang |first4=Ying-Ying |last5=Yang |first5=Jun-Bo |last6=Yang |first6=Zhi-Yun |last7=Hu |first7=Yi  |last8=Ma |first8=Hong |last9=Soltis |first9=Pamela S. |last10=Soltis |first10=Douglas E. |last11=Li |first11=De-Zhu |last12=Smith |first12=Stephen A. |last13=Yi |first13=Ting-Shuang |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms |journal=Nature Plants |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4 |volume=7 |issue= 8|pages=1015–1025 |doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.03.13.435279 |pmid= 34282286|pmc= |bibcode= 2021NatPl...7.1015S|s2cid=232282918 |doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre |publisher=Figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |doi-access=}}</ref>
|- 
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;
|1={{clade
  |label1=[[Abietoideae]]
  |1={{clade
    |1={{clade
      |label1=Cedreae
      |1=''[[Cedrus]]'' (cedars 4 sp.)
       }}
    |2={{clade
      |label1=Pseudolariceae
      |1={{clade
        |1=''[[Pseudolarix]]'' (golden larch 1 sp.)
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Nothotsuga]]'' (1 sp.)
          |2=''[[Tsuga]]'' (hemlock  9 sp.)
           }}
         }}
      |label2=Abieteae
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Keteleeria]]'' (3 sp.)
        |2=''[[Abies]]'' (firs c.50 sp.)
         }}
       }}
     }}
  |label2=[[Pinoideae]]
  |2={{clade
    |label1=Lariceae
    |1={{clade
      |1=''[[Pseudotsuga]]'' (Douglas-firs 5 sp.)
      |2=''[[Larix]]'' (larches 14 sp.)
       }}
    |label2=Pineae
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Picea]]'' (spruces c 35 sp.)
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Cathaya]]'' (1 sp.)
        |2=''[[Pinus]]'' (pines c.115 sp.)
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}
|
{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;
|1={{clade
  |label1=[[Abietoideae]]
  |1={{clade
    |1={{clade
      |label1=Cedreae
      |1=''[[Cedrus]]''
       }}
    |2={{clade
      |label1=Pseudolariceae
      |1={{clade
        |1=''[[Pseudolarix]]''
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Nothotsuga]]''
          |2=''[[Tsuga]]''
           }}
         }}
      |label2=Abieteae
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Keteleeria]]''
        |2=''[[Abies]]''
         }}
       }}
     }}
  |label2=[[Pinoideae]]
  |2={{clade
    |label1=Lariceae
    |1={{clade
      |1=''[[Pseudotsuga]]''
      |2=''[[Larix]]''
       }}
    |label2=Pineae
    |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
        |1=''[[Cathaya]]''
        |2=''[[Picea]]''
         }}
      |2=''[[Pinus]]''
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}
|}

Multiple molecular studies indicate that in contrast to previous classifications placing it outside the conifers, [[Gnetophyta]] may in fact be the sister group to the Pinaceae, with both lineages having diverged during the early-mid [[Carboniferous]]. This is known as the "gnepine" hypothesis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stull|first1=Gregory W.|last2=Qu|first2=Xiao-Jian|last3=Parins-Fukuchi|first3=Caroline|last4=Yang|first4=Ying-Ying|last5=Yang|first5=Jun-Bo|last6=Yang|first6=Zhi-Yun|last7=Hu|first7=Yi|last8=Ma|first8=Hong|last9=Soltis|first9=Pamela S.|last10=Soltis|first10=Douglas E.|last11=Li|first11=De-Zhu|date=July 19, 2021|title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=7|issue=8|pages=1015–1025|doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|pmid=34282286 |bibcode=2021NatPl...7.1015S |s2cid=236141481 |issn=2055-0278}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ran|first1=Jin-Hua|last2=Shen|first2=Ting-Ting|last3=Wang|first3=Ming-Ming|last4=Wang|first4=Xiao-Quan|title=Phylogenomics resolves the deep phylogeny of seed plants and indicates partial convergent or homoplastic evolution between Gnetales and angiosperms|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|year=2018 |volume=285|issue=1881|pages=20181012|doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.1012|pmc=6030518|pmid=29925623}}</ref>