Editing Pisiform bone (section)

==Function==
The pisiform bone is most recognizable as an unassuming palmar projection forming the heel of human hand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kjosness|first1=Kelsey M.|last2=Hines|first2=Jasmine E.|last3=Lovejoy|first3=C. Owen|last4=Reno|first4=Philip L.|date=2014-10-03|title=The pisiform growth plate is lost in humans and supports a role forHoxin growth plate formation|journal=Journal of Anatomy|volume=225|issue=5|pages=527–538|doi=10.1111/joa.12235|pmid=25279687|pmc=4292754|issn=0021-8782}}</ref>

The pisiform bone, along with the hamulus of the [[Hamate bone|hamate]], defines the medial boundary of the [[carpal tunnel]]<ref name=":0" /> because the pisiform body acts as one of the four attachments points of the [[Flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The human bone manual|last=White, T. D. (Timothy D.)|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier Academic|oclc=656790889}}</ref> It also acts as an attachment site for tendons of the [[Abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand|abductor digiti minimi]] and for the [[Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle|flexor carpi ulnaris]] - the tendon in which it develops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.physio-pedia.com/Pisiform|title=Pisiform|website=Physiopedia|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The pisiform is the only carpal bone with insertions and attachments for the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor carpi ulnaris.<ref name=":0" />  It is suggested that due to the pisiform's surprisingly large range of movement along its articulation surface with the triquetral bone (about 1&nbsp;cm of movement is allowed), contraction of the flexor carpi ulnaris is necessary for the pisiform to remain stable enough for the abductor digiti minimi to function effectively.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2016|editor-last=Kivell|editor-first=Tracy L.|editor2-last=Lemelin|editor2-first=Pierre|editor3-last=Richmond|editor3-first=Brian G.|editor4-last=Schmitt|editor4-first=Daniel|title=The Evolution of the Primate Hand|journal=Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-1-4939-3646-5|issn=1574-3489|isbn=978-1-4939-3644-1|s2cid=36711933}}</ref>

In clinical studies, the pisiform has been removed as treatment for [[osteoarthritis]] in the pisotriquetral joint. While some studies came to the conclusion that the pisiform "contributes to the stability of the ulnar column of the wrist",<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Beckers|first1=Albert|last2=Koebke|first2=Jürgen|date=1998|title=Mechanical strain at the pisotriquetral joint|journal=Clinical Anatomy|volume=11|issue=5|pages=320–326|doi=10.1002/(sici)1098-2353(1998)11:5<320::aid-ca5>3.0.co;2-t|pmid=9725576|issn=0897-3806}}</ref> others suggested that while excision slightly impairs the range of motion of the wrist (especially wrist extension), the forces generated within the wrist are not significantly impacted.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=van Eijzeren|first1=J.|last2=Karthaus|first2=R.P.|date=2014|title=The Effect of Pisiform Excision on Wrist Function|journal=The Journal of Hand Surgery|volume=39|issue=7|pages=1258–1263|doi=10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.04.019|pmid=24861379|issn=0363-5023}}</ref> Subjects in the latter study did report impaired function after excision when performing heavy lifting and weightbearing activities, but this is suggested to be subjective considering that they did not have to change occupation or their level of activity as a result of the excision.<ref name=":2" />