Editing Ponytail (section)

=== Historical ===
In Europe, in the second half of the 18th century (1751-1800), most men wore their hair long and tied back with a ribbon into what we would now describe as a ponytail,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofha0000sher | url-access=registration | title="Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History" | publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group | author=Sherrow, Victoria | year=2006 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofha0000sher/page/310 310]| isbn=9780313331459 }}</ref> although it was sometimes gathered into a silk bag rather than allowed to hang freely. At that time, it was commonly known as ''[[Queue (hairstyle)|queue]]'', the [[French language|French]] word for "tail". The queue lost favor amongst civilians, but continued as the mandatory hairstyle for men in all European armies until the early 19th century. The [[British Army]] was the first to dispense with it, and by the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] most armies had changed their regulations to make short hair compulsory.

In Asia, the queue was a specifically male hairstyle worn by the [[Manchu people]] from central [[Manchuria]] and later imposed on the [[Han Chinese]] during the [[Qing dynasty]]. From 1645 until 1910, Chinese men wore this waist-length [[pigtail]]. The queue was utilised as a symbol of dominance over the Han Chinese by the Manchu people.<ref name="Szczepanski">Szczepanski, K. (9 May 2019). "[https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-queue-195402 Why Did Chinese Men Wear a Single Long Braid?]"</ref> Being a Manchu hairstyle, it was imposed on the Han Chinese to force them into [[submission]].<ref name="Szczepanski" /> The queue hairstyle involves shaving the rest of the hair on the front and sides of the head, leaving a meagre portion that is tightly tied into a braid.<ref name="Szczepanski" /> With this hairstyle, the Han Chinese could not grow their hair naturally and freely to style them as they normally did in their own culture, and were hence denied their cultural right to grow their hair comfortably, experiencing suppression and limited agency in the rule of the Qing.<ref name="Szczepanski" /> Any Han Chinese man who did not wear the queue was executed by beheading.<ref name="Chin">Chin, S., & Fogel, J. A. (2015). "[https://www.amazon.com/Taiping-Rebellion-East-Gate-Reader/dp/0765600994 ''The Taiping rebellion'']." London: Routledge.</ref> This rule of law was upheld with the exception of monks, who attended monasteries and shaved their entire heads.<ref name="Chin" /> For this reason alone, many Han Chinese left their homes for monasteries to protect their freedom from this symbol of domination.<ref name="Chin" /> Otherwise, those who opposed the queue were perceived as threats to Qing culture and power and were purged.<ref name="Chin" /> Many of the officials who contributed to the enforcement of this law were Han Chinese who defected to the Qing.<ref name="Chin" />

The queue ended in 1910 after revolutions against the law through queue-cutting demonstrations, law revisions to make it more lax, and further queue-cutting demonstrations by Chinese influenced by Western democracy, all of which pressured reform of China's law.<ref>Godley, M. R. (1994). "[http://www.eastasianhistory.org/sites/default/files/article-content/08/EAH08_03.pdf The end of the Queue: Hair as symbol in Chinese History]." ''East Asian History'', 8, 53–72.</ref> Not long after, the Qing dynasty ended in 1911 or 1912.<ref name="Szczepanski" />

Apart from origins in China, men in the [[Edo period]] (1683–1868) of Japan also wore short ponytails.<ref name="Sherrow" /> [[Rikishi|Sumo wrestlers]] of Japan also wore their hair in a ponytail that is then styled in a [[Hand fan|fan]] shape.<ref name="Sherrow" /> This hairstyle involving the ponytail continues in the culture of [[sumo]] wrestlers today.