Editing Porous medium (section)

== Models ==
A representation of the void phase that exists inside porous materials using a set or network of pores. It serves as a structural foundation for the prediction of transport parameters and is employed in the context of pore structure characterisation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burganos |first1=Vasilis |chapter=Pore Model |title=Encyclopedia of Membranes |date=2015 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1055-2 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1055-2 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-40872-4 |language=en}}</ref>

There are many idealized models of pore structures. They can be broadly divided into three categories:
* networks of [[capillary|capillaries]]
* arrays of solid particles (e.g., [[random close pack]] of spheres)
* trimodal

Porous materials often have a [[fractal]]-like structure, having a pore surface area that seems to grow indefinitely when viewed with progressively increasing resolution.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1029/2001JB000523 | bibcode=2003JGRB..108.2062D | volume=108 | issue=B2 | pages=2062 | title=Fractal pore structure of sedimentary rocks: Simulation by ballistic deposition | year=2003 | journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth | last1 = Dutta | first1 = Tapati| doi-access=free }}</ref> Mathematically, this is described by assigning the pore surface a [[Hausdorff dimension]] greater than 2.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00535.x | volume=45 | issue=4 | title=The relationship between structure and the hydraulic conductivity of soil | year=1994 | journal=European Journal of Soil Science | pages=493–502 | last1 = Crawford | first1 = J.W.}}</ref> Experimental methods for the investigation of pore structures include [[confocal microscopy]]<ref>[https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18107/2/Characterisation%20of%20Hadley%20Grains%20by%20Confocal%20Microscopy%20-%20accepted.pdf M. K. Head, H. S. Wong, N. R. Buenfeld, "Characterisation of 'Hadley’ Grains by Confocal Microscopy", Cement & Concrete Research (2006), 36 (8) 1483 -1489]</ref> and [[x-ray tomography]].<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.034 | volume=472-473 | title=Using X-ray computed tomography in pore structure characterization for a Berea sandstone: Resolution effect | year=2012 | journal=Journal of Hydrology | pages=254–261 | last1 = Peng | first1 = Sheng | last2 = Hu | first2 = Qinhong | last3 = Dultz | first3 = Stefan | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Ming| bibcode=2012JHyd..472..254P }}</ref>
Porous materials have found some applications in many engineering fields including automotive sectors.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1088/2631-8695/acbfa4 | volume=5 | issue=1 | title=Porous Liner Coated Inlet Duct: A Novel Approach to Attenuate Automotive Turbocharger Inlet Flow-Induced Sound Propagation | year=2023 | journal=Engineering Research Express  | pages=015047 | last1 = Ravanbod | first1 = Mohammad | doi-access=free }}</ref>