Editing Port (section)

==Types==
The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of facilities handling ocean-going vessels, and '''river port''' is used for river traffic, such as [[barge]]s and other shallow-draft vessels.

===Inland port===
{{main|Inland port}}
[[File:Milan-Porta Genova-Main walk of the Dàrsena.jpg|thumb|The {{Interlanguage link|Darsena, Milan|it|Darsena (Milano)}}, Italy, the inland port of the city]]
An '''inland port''' is a port on a navigable lake, river ([[fluvial]] port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean, which therefore allows a ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of this is the [[St. Lawrence Seaway]] which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several thousand kilometers inland to Great Lakes ports like [[Toronto]], [[Duluth-Superior]], and [[Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/|title=Seaway System|work=greatlakes-seaway.com}}</ref> The term ''inland port'' is also used for [[dry port]]s.

===Seaport===
A '''seaport''' is a port located on the shore of a sea or ocean. It is further categorized as commercial and non-commercial:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Different types of Ports |url=https://fulcrumslgroup.com/different-types-of-ports.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217084142/https://fulcrumslgroup.com/different-types-of-ports.html |archive-date=Dec 17, 2023 |website=Fulcrum}}</ref>

*Commercial ones includes "[[cruise port]]s" and "[[cargo port]]s". Additionally, "cruise ports" are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call"; and "cargo port" is also further categorized into a "bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container port".

*Non-commercial seaports are [[marina]] and [[fishing port]]s.

====Cargo port====
'''Cargo ports''' are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by a variety of mechanical means. 

'''Bulk cargo ports'''<!-- bolded per [[WP:MOSBOLD]] as a redirect target --> may handle one particular type of cargo or numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break bulk ports". 

Ports that handle [[shipping container|containerized]] cargo are known as [[container port]]s. 

Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, individual cargo ports may be divided into different operating terminals which handle the different types of cargoes, and may be operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators, or [[stevedore]]s.<ref name="khan">{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Khalil U. |title=Stevedoring & The Role of Stevedores in Shipping |url=https://www.iims.org.uk/the-role-of-stevedores-in-shipping/ |publisher=International Institute of Marine Surveying |access-date=7 April 2021 |date=15 September 2014}}</ref>

====Cruise port====
A '''cruise home port''' is the port where cruise ship passengers board (or [[Embarkation|embark]]) to start their cruise and [[disembark]] the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetables, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are very busy places during the day the cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Cruise home ports tend to have large [[passenger terminal (maritime)|passenger terminals]] to handle the large number of passengers passing through the port. The busiest cruise home port in the world is the [[Port of Miami]], [[Florida]].

====Port of call====
A '''port of call''' is an intermediate stop for a ship on its sailing itinerary. At these ports, cargo ships may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo while cruise liners have passengers get on or off ship.

===Fishing port===
A '''fishing port''' is a port or [[harbor]] for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical.

===Marina===
[[File:Marina Izola.jpg|thumb|[[Izola]] Marina, Slovenia]]

A '''[[marina]]''' is a port for recreational boating.

===Warm-water port===
A '''warm-water port'''{{anchor|warm water port}} (also known as an ice-free port) is one where the water does not freeze in winter. This is mainly used in the context of countries with mostly cold winters where parts of the coastline freezes over every winter. Because they are available year-round, warm-water ports can be of great [[geopolitical]] or [[economic interest]]. Such settlements as [[Narvik]] in Norway, [[Dalian]] in China, [[Murmansk]], [[Novorossiysk]], [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] and [[Vostochny Port]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vpnet.ru/eng/geo/main_geo.htm |title=Vostochny Port JSC, Geography, Location |work=Vostochny Port website |year=2007 |access-date=13 December 2012 |quote=Vostochny Port is located in the south of Primorsky Region, in the southeast of Nakhodka bay, in Vrangel bay. This is unique natural harbor is no ice restrictions even in severe winters. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129011546/http://www.vpnet.ru/eng/geo/main_geo.htm |archive-date=29 November 2012 }}</ref> in Russia, [[Odesa]] in Ukraine, [[Kushiro]] in Japan and [[Valdez, Alaska|Valdez]] at the terminus of the [[Alaska Pipeline]] owe their very existence to being ice-free ports. The [[Baltic Sea]] and similar areas have ports available year-round beginning in the 20th century thanks to [[icebreaker]]s, but earlier access problems prompted Russia to expand its territory to the [[Black Sea]].{{Cn|date=January 2024}}

===Dry port===
{{main|Dry port}}
A '''dry port''' is an inland [[Intermodal freight transport|intermodal]] terminal directly connected by [[road]] or [[Rail transport|rail]] to a seaport and operating as a centre for the [[transshipment]] of sea cargo to inland destinations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Feasibility Study on the network operation of Hinterland Hubs (Dry Port Concept) to improve and modernise ports' connections to the hinterland and to improve networking |publisher=InLoc |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.inloc.info/internal/wp1/activity_15_feasibility_study_dry_ports.pdf |access-date=2008-03-10 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413200609/http://www.inloc.info/internal/wp1/activity_15_feasibility_study_dry_ports.pdf |archive-date=2008-04-13 }}</ref>

===Smart port===
{{main|Smart port}}
A smart port uses technologies, including the [[Internet of Things]] (IoT) and [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) to be more efficient at handling goods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/smart-ports-of-the-future-a-digital-tomorrow/|title=Smart Ports of the Future: A Digital Tomorrow|date=2019-09-17|website=Port Technology International|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-11|archive-date=2019-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011174022/https://www.porttechnology.org/news/smart-ports-of-the-future-a-digital-tomorrow/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Smart ports usually deploy cloud-based software as part of the process of greater automation to help generate the operating flow that helps the port work smoothly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Ports in the Cloud: The Next Step in Automation? |url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/ports_in_the_cloud_the_next_step_in_automation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011174022/https://www.porttechnology.org/news/ports_in_the_cloud_the_next_step_in_automation/ |archive-date=11 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-11 |website=Port Technology International |language=en-GB}}</ref> At present, most of the world's ports have somewhat embedded technology, if not for full leadership. However, thanks to global government initiatives and exponential growth in maritime trade, the number of intelligent ports has gradually increased. A report by business intelligence provider Visiongain assessed that Smart Ports Market spending would reach $1.5 bn in 2019.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.visiongain.com/smart-ports-market-spending-will-reach-1-5bn-in-2019-says-visiongain/|title='Smart Ports Market spending will reach $1.5bn in 2019', says Visiongain|date=2019-09-05|website=Visiongain|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>