Editing Porto Alegre (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Porto Alegre skyline.jpg|thumb|right|Porto Alegre Downtown]]
[[File:Porto Alegre - panoramio - Andervaz (1).jpg|thumb|Porto Alegre seen from Santa Tereza Hill]]
The city of Porto Alegre is located at the northern end of the large coastal lagoon, [[Lagoa dos Patos]] in southeastern Brazil. The city lies on the east bank of the mouth of the Rio Guaiba, the estuary of which forms the enormous freshwater lagoon, Lagoa dos Patos. Also joining the Guaíba at Porto Alegre are the [[Jacuí River]], the [[Sinos River]], the [[Gravataí River]] and the [[Caí River]], all tributaries of Guaíba just before it empties into Lagoa dos Patos.

Porto Alegre has a long coastline on the [[Guaíba Lake]], and its topography is punctuated by 40 hills. In the lake, a vast body of water, a maze of islands facing the city forms an archipelago where a unique [[ecosystem]] gives shelter to abundant wildlife. The city area concentrates 28% of the [[Atlantic Forest|native flora]] of Rio Grande do Sul, with 9,288 species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Quadros |first1=Fernando Luiz Ferreira de |last2=Pillar |first2=Valério De Patta |title=Vegetation dynamics of natural grassland under treatments of burning and grazing |journal=Ciência Rural |date=October 2001 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=863–868 |doi=10.1590/S0103-84782001000500020 |doi-access=free |hdl=10183/22423 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Among these, there are many trees which are vestiges of the [[Atlantic Forest]]. The fauna is also diversified, especially in the islands and hills. The Portoalegrense environs include many parks, squares and tree-lined streets.

===Climate===
{{climate chart
| Porto Alegre
|20.6|30.5|110.1|20.5|30.2|106.5
|19.5|29.1|92.2
|16.5|25.9|107.3|13.3|22.2|118.8|10.8|19.8|141.3
|10.1|19.3|141.3
|11.1|21.3|117.4|12.8|22.1|141.5
|15.3|25.0|138.3
|17.1|27.4|110.9
|19.0|29.5|99.6
|float=left
}}

According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Porto Alegre has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') characterized by its high variability, but with well-defined seasons and evenly distributed rain throughout the year. The presence of [[Lake Guaíba]] contributes to increase the humidity of the air.<ref>Penter, Camila et alii. "Inventário Rápido da Fauna de Mamíferos do Morro Santana, Porto Alegre, RS". In: Revista Brasileira de Biociências, Porto Alegre, v. 6, n. 1, jan./mar. 2008. p. 119</ref> The city experiences the most prominent difference among seasons and between temperature extremes among all Brazilian capitals. One reason for that is its much more southerly position relative to the rest of the country, which also contributes for the occurrence of 14 hours of daylight in December and 10 hours in June.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astro.if.ufrgs.br/dia.htm|title=Duracao do Dia|website=astro.if.ufrgs.br|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022064942/http://astro.if.ufrgs.br/dia.htm|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to a large depletion in the ozone layer over the south of Brazil, a result of the [[Antarctic ozone hole]],<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.5194/ANGEO-36-405-2018 | title=Report of a large depletion in the ozone layer over southern Brazil and Uruguay by using multi-instrumental data | year=2018 | last1=Bresciani | first1=C. | last2=Bittencourt | first2=Gabriela Dornelles | last3=Bageston | first3=J. | last4=Pinheiro | first4=D. | last5=Schuch | first5=N. | last6=Bencherif | first6=H. | last7=Leme | first7=N. | last8=Peres | first8=L. | journal=Annales Geophysicae | volume=36 | issue=2 | pages=405–413 | bibcode=2018AnGeo..36..405B | s2cid=55506074 | doi-access=free }}</ref> the population is occasionally dangerously exposed to extremely high [[UV radiation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zh.clicrbs.com.br/rs/noticia/2008/01/rs-e-o-estado-brasileiro-com-maior-incidencia-de-raios-ultravioleta-1730899.html|title=GaúchaZH - notícias, porto alegre, grêmio, inter, colunistas, jogos ao vivo e mais|website=Zh.clicrbs.com.br|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072908/http://zh.clicrbs.com.br/rs/noticia/2008/01/rs-e-o-estado-brasileiro-com-maior-incidencia-de-raios-ultravioleta-1730899.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Porto Alegre vista do shopping Pontal.jpg|thumb|270px|Porto Alegre bay as seen from Pontal Mall in the Cristal neighbourhood]] 
The winter is mild to cool, windy, rainy and quite changeable, which is also a feature of this time of the year. Usual winter temperatures range from {{convert|10|°C|°F}} to {{convert|19|°C|°F}}. In the coldest days of the year the temperature may fall slightly below zero, like in 2012, when it recorded {{convert|-0.7|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2012/06/temperaturas-caem-ainda-mais-pela-manha-e-frio-chega-62c-no-rs.html |title=Temperatura cai mais no RS, chega a -6,3°C e geada atinge até Porto Alegre |language=Portuguese |work=g1.globo.com |date=6 August 2012 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> The summers are very hot, with temperatures that go up to {{convert|30|°C|°F}}, sometimes reaching {{convert|40|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.climatempo.com.br/noticia/2020/01/01/possivel-recorde-historico-de-calor-em-porto-alegre-1054#:~:text=Campo%20Bom%2C%20na%20regi%C3%A3o%20metropolitana,m%C3%A1xima%20de%2041%C2%B0C |title=Possível recorde histórico de calor em Porto Alegre |work=Cimatempo.com.br |language=Portuguese |date=1 January 2020 |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> Sometimes, summer usually has irregular rains and periods of drought.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/verao/ver%C3%A3o-inicia-neste-domingo-com-alto-risco-de-estiagem-no-rio-grande-do-sul-1.388647 |title=Verão inicia neste domingo com alto risco de estiagem no Rio Grande do Sul |work=Correio do Povo |language=Portuguese |date=21 December 2019 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> Fall tends to be as changeable as winter, but is typically warmer. Spring is usually very rainy, with [[thunderstorms]], strong winds and [[hailstorms]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/ambiente/noticia/2019/09/mais-de-300-raios-tocaram-o-solo-de-porto-alegre-na-terca-feira-incidencia-e-considerada-alta-ck0pj11tc033h01te2mv54bbn.html |title=Mais de 300 raios tocaram o solo de Porto Alegre na terça-feira; incidência é considerada alta |work=GZH Ambiente |language=Portuguese |date=18 September 2019 |access-date=12 July 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/not%C3%ADcias/geral/%C3%A0-espera-do-vendaval-rio-grande-do-sul-tem-dez-cidades-em-situa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-emerg%C3%AAncia-1.377373 |title=À espera do vendaval, Rio Grande do Sul tem dez cidades em situação de emergência |work=Correio do Povo |language=Portuguese |date=2 November 2019 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2019/10/31/chuva-de-granizo-danifica-casas-e-causa-alagamentos-na-zona-sul-de-porto-alegre.ghtml |title=Chuva de granizo danifica casas e causa alagamentos na Zona Sul de Porto Alegre |work=g1.globo.com |language=Portuguese |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> The climate of Porto Alegre is very affected by [[El Niño]] phenomenon, with flooding in some neighborhoods of the city, especially in the islands in the Lake Guaiba.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/ambiente/noticia/2018/09/veja-como-sera-a-primavera-no-rio-grande-do-sul-cjm81k53o04bp01pxhw3yz2j7.html |title=Veja como será a primavera no Rio Grande do Sul |work=GZH Ambiente |language=Portuguese |date=18 September 2018 |access-date=12 July 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/primavera-deve-ter-inicio-chuvoso-e-temperaturas-amenas-no-rio-grande-do-sul.ghtml |title=Primavera deve ter início chuvoso e temperaturas amenas no Rio Grande do Sul |work=g1.globo.com |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sul21.com.br/em-destaque/2015/12/temporais-enchentes-e-solidariedade-rs-sofreu-com-chuvas-historicas-em-2015/ |title=Temporais, enchentes e solidariedade: RS sofreu com chuvas históricas em 2015 |work=sul21.com |language=Portuguese |date=31 December 2015 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> However, a drainage system and a wall along the Historic District were built after a major flood in 1941 that devastated the city, preventing further damage.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/porto-alegre/noticia/2019/04/muro-da-maua-enchente-que-justifica-construcao-pode-so-ocorrer-em-15-mil-anos-cjuvpyfry00rr01p72xxz9myw.html |title=Muro da Mauá: enchente que justifica construção pode só ocorrer em 1,5 mil anos |work=GZH Ambiente |language=Portuguese |date=24 April 2019 |access-date=12 July 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/cultura-e-lazer/noticia/2011/05/livro-e-exposicao-relembram-enchente-de-1941-3329982.html |title=Livro e exposição relembram enchente de 1941 |work=GZH Ambiente |language=Portuguese |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=12 July 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

[[Snow]] is very rare, sometimes confused with [[Ice pellets|sleet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2014/01/porto-alegre-registra-granizo-em-dia-mais-quente-de-2014-diz-meteorologia.html|title=Porto Alegre registra granizo em dia mais quente de 2014, diz meteorologia|date=18 January 2014|website=G1.globo.com|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013014451/http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2014/01/porto-alegre-registra-granizo-em-dia-mais-quente-de-2014-diz-meteorologia.html|archive-date=13 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The only [[snowfall]] events in Porto Alegre were in 1879, 1910, 1984, 1994, 2000 and 2006, and few of them featured accumulation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2012/06/frio-se-intensifica-no-rs-e-porto-alegre-pode-ter-neve-nesta-quinta.html|title=Frio se intensifica no RS e Porto Alegre pode ter neve nesta quinta|date=4 June 2012|website=G1.globo.com|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013014248/http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2012/06/frio-se-intensifica-no-rs-e-porto-alegre-pode-ter-neve-nesta-quinta.html|archive-date=13 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, frost sometimes occurs in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/rs-amanhece-com-frio-geada-e-temperaturas-negativas/ |title=RS amanhece com frio, geada e temperaturas negativas |work=Istoé Dinheiro |language=Portuguese |date=14 August 2019 |access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> Occurrence of [[Fog#Types|radiation fog]] is common, causing several delays in early flights. Unlike other large Brazilian cities much further north, notably [[Brasília]], [[São Paulo]], and [[Rio de Janeiro]] which receive a pronounced summer maximum in precipitation amounts, Porto Alegre experiences a prominent winter maximum in precipitation values and cloud cover, while the summer season is primarily hot and sunny; though evidently high humidity levels often give a distinct mugginess to the conditions and reduces air quality. According to 1981-2010 averages, Porto Alegre receives an average-total precipitation amount of {{convert|1,425|mm|in}}Annually. This average makes the city slightly wetter than Rio at {{convert|1,172|mm|in}} and, to a small extent, drier than both São Paulo at {{convert|1,457|mm|in}} and Brasilia at {{convert|1,557|mm|in}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisClimatologicas |title=:: INMET - Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia :: |website=www.inmet.gov.br |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526170333/http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisClimatologicas |archive-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> although 1991-2020 normals show annual precipitation figure rising to {{convert|1,498|mm|in}}.

The highest recorded unofficial temperature was {{convert|42.6|°C}} and the highest official one was {{convert|40.7|°C}}, recorded on January 1, 1943,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/ceic/default.php?reg=788&p_secao=4|title=CEIC - Centro Integrado de Comando da Cidade de Porto Alegre|first=Prefeitura Municipal de Porto|last=Alegre|website=2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308132222/http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/ceic/default.php?reg=788&p_secao=4|url-status=dead}}</ref> while the lowest official recorded temperature was {{convert|-4.0|°C||abbr=}} on July 11, 1918.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Metsul|first=Alexandre Aguiar /|url=https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/not%C3%ADcias/geral/os-100-anos-do-inverno-mais-gelado-no-rio-grande-do-sul-1.266591|title=Os 100 anos do inverno mais gelado no Rio Grande do Sul|accessdate=2023-04-08|website=Correio do Povo|date=7 July 2018 |language=pt-br}}</ref> 
{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Porto Alegre (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present)
|Jan record high C = 39.2
|Feb record high C = 39.0
|Mar record high C = 38.1
|Apr record high C = 36.0
|May record high C = 32.7
|Jun record high C = 31.6
|Jul record high C = 32.2
|Aug record high C = 34.9
|Sep record high C = 38.0
|Oct record high C = 38.2
|Nov record high C = 39.0
|Dec record high C = 40.3
|year record high C = 40.3<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/ambiente/noticia/2020/01/porto-alegre-registra-a-maior-temperatura-de-dezembro-em-103-anos-ck4x23n6n022q01nv6aimkzw8.html |title=Porto Alegre registra a maior temperatura de dezembro em 103 anos |work=GZH Ambiente |language=Portuguese |date=2 January 2020 |access-date=12 July 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|Jan record low C = 10.1
|Feb record low C = 11.9
|Mar record low C = 9.6
|Apr record low C = 4.5
|May record low C = 2.3
|Jun record low C = -1.9
|Jul record low C = -1.1
|Aug record low C = -1.2
|Sep record low C = 2.2
|Oct record low C = 4.9
|Nov record low C = 6.7
|Dec record low C = 10.0
|year record low C = -1.9
| Jan high C  =31.0
| Feb high C  =30.5
| Mar high C  =29.2
| Apr high C  =26.4
| May high C  =22.6
| Jun high C  =20.3
| Jul high C  =19.7
| Aug high C  =21.8
| Sep high C  =22.8
| Oct high C  =25.2
| Nov high C  =27.7
| Dec high C  =30.0
| year high C =
| Jan mean C  =25.0
| Feb mean C  =24.7
| Mar mean C  =23.5
| Apr mean C  =20.7
| May mean C  =17.2
| Jun mean C  =14.8
| Jul mean C  =14.1
| Aug mean C  =15.7
| Sep mean C  =17.2
| Oct mean C  =19.7
| Nov mean C  =21.7
| Dec mean C  =24.0
| year mean C =
| Jan low C  =20.7
| Feb low C  =20.7
| Mar low C  =19.5
| Apr low C  =16.8
| May low C  =13.5
| Jun low C  =11.3
| Jul low C  =10.4
| Aug low C  =11.6
| Sep low C  =13.3
| Oct low C  =15.7
| Nov low C  =17.2
| Dec low C  =19.4
| year low C =

|precipitation colour = green
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation mm  =120.7
| Feb precipitation mm  =110.8
| Mar precipitation mm  =103.3
| Apr precipitation mm  =114.4
| May precipitation mm  =112.8
| Jun precipitation mm  =130.4
| Jul precipitation mm  =163.5
| Aug precipitation mm  =120.1
| Sep precipitation mm  =147.8
| Oct precipitation mm  =153.2
| Nov precipitation mm  =105.5
| Dec precipitation mm  =115.7
| year precipitation mm =
| Jan precipitation days  =9.1
| Feb precipitation days  =9.1
| Mar precipitation days  =8.6
| Apr precipitation days  =8.5
| May precipitation days  =8.1
| Jun precipitation days  =8.8
| Jul precipitation days  =9.2
| Aug precipitation days  =8.9
| Sep precipitation days  =9.5
| Oct precipitation days  =9.9
| Nov precipitation days  =7.9
| Dec precipitation days  =8.7
| year precipitation days =

| Jan humidity    =73.0
| Feb humidity    =74.9
| Mar humidity    =75.7
| Apr humidity    =77.8
| May humidity    =81.5
| Jun humidity    =82.8
| Jul humidity    =81.3
| Aug humidity    =78.2
| Sep humidity    =77.4
| Oct humidity    =76.0
| Nov humidity    =72.1
| Dec humidity    =71.4
| year humidity   =
| Jan dew point C =20.5
| Feb dew point C =20.6
| Mar dew point C =19.6
| Apr dew point C =17.3
| May dew point C =14.6
| Jun dew point C =12.4
| Jul dew point C =11.4
| Aug dew point C =12.5
| Sep dew point C =13.7
| Oct dew point C =16.0
| Nov dew point C =17.1
| Dec dew point C =19.2

| Jan sun  =237.6
| Feb sun  =206.9
| Mar sun  =206.5
| Apr sun  =167.1
| May sun  =144.0
| Jun sun  =119.1
| Jul sun  =133.7
| Aug sun  =150.1
| Sep sun  =149.6
| Oct sun  =176.2
| Nov sun  =223.7
| Dec sun  =238.5
| Jan light = 13.8
| Feb light = 13.1
| Mar light = 12.2
| Apr light = 11.4
| May light = 10.6
| Jun light = 10.2
| Jul light = 10.4
| Aug light = 11.1
| Sep light = 11.9
| Oct light = 12.8
| Nov light = 13.6
| Dec light = 14.1
| year light= 
| Jan uv  =6
| Feb uv  =6
| Mar uv  =6
| Apr uv  =5
| May uv  =4
| Jun uv  =4
| Jul uv  =4
| Aug uv  =5
| Sep uv  =5
| Oct uv  =5
| Nov uv  =6
| Dec uv  =7
| year uv =
|source 1 = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]]<ref name=INMETtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043914/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETtmed>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043931/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044001/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043703/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| title = Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044003/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| title = Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMEThumidity>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043838/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| title = Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETinsolacion>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043829/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| title =Insolação Total (horas)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="Temperatura-INMET-83967-Porto-Alegre-RS">INMET. [http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83967&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/01/1961&mRelDtFim=31/12/2020&mAtributos=,,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,, BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura máxima (°C), temperatura mínima (°C) - Porto Alegre]. Acesso em 19 ago. 2014.</ref><ref name="Produto Climatológico desenvolvido pela Seção de Meteorologia Aeronáutica da Divisão de Pesquisa do ICEA">Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo - DECEA. Acesso em 04 out. 2023.</ref>
|source 2= NOAA<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Brazil/CSV/PORTO_ALEGRE_83967.csv |format=CSV |title=1991-2020 climate normals: Porto Alegre, Brazil |access-date=13 January 2024 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref> Weather atlas(Daylight-UV)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/brazil/porto-alegre-climate |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Porto Alegre, Brazil |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Weather Atlas}}</ref>
}}

===Vegetation===
[[File:Parque Farroupilha (5604359574).jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of Farroupilha Park vegetation]]
[[File:Zona Leste de Porto Alegre vista do Morro Santana 02.jpg|thumb|left|View of the eastern zone of Porto Alegre from Morro Santana, with the predominant vegetation of the area]]
[[File:Rua Gonçalo de Carvalho.jpg|thumb|''[[Tipuana]]'' on Gonçalo de Carvelho Street]]
[[File:Chafariz-parquefarropupilha.jpg|thumb|[[Roystonea oleracea]] in Porto Alegre]]
[[File:IBPA 18233 - Parque Moinhos de Vento - Parcão - conta com moinho - 2018-10-17 - Jefferson Bernardes-PMPA.jpg|thumb|Vegetation of Moinhos de Vento Park in the Moinhos de Vento neighborhood]]
Porto Alegre lies in a transitional area between the [[subtropical]] forest and the Southern Brazilian grasslands (pampa). A number of conservation programmes have been established to protect [[Endemism|native]] trees. Many of the city's avenues have been planted with different tree [[species]]. One striking example of this is Teresópolis Avenue, where bottle trees have been planted. The city is covered in green vegetation and Lapacho and Jacaranda are the main species that can be found locally. The trees from the hills are protected. Two environmental conservation areas can be found in this city: "Delta do Jacuí" ([[Jacuí Delta]]) State Park and Lami Biological Reserve.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reservas.net/alojamiento_hoteles/portoalegre_brazil.htm |title=Vegetation in Porto Alegre |publisher=Reservas.net |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130135211/http://reservas.net/alojamiento_hoteles/portoalegre_brazil.htm |archive-date=2010-11-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The urban area has many parks and plazas, making Porto Alegre one of the greenest provincial capitals in Brazil. The first city squares date from the second half of the 18th century and were originally large public spaces used as food markets. The city has {{convert|39|km2|acre|abbr=on}} of green space, occupying 31 percent of the city's area.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} This is an average of 17.6&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> per person. More than one million trees line the public streets and SMAM plants an average of 30,000 seedlings each year. The four main parks are: Parque Farroupilha, a {{convert|37|ha|acre|adj=on}} park; Jardim Botânico (The [[Botanical Garden of Porto Alegre]]), with some 725 species of vegetation on about {{convert|43|ha|acre}} of land; and Parque Marinha do Brasil (The [[Brazilian Navy]]'s [[Park]]), a vast park of more than {{convert|70|ha|acre}} which offers a wide variety of sports fields and tracks. The city's [[cycleway]] is called the Caminho dos Parques, which at over {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=in}} long links the Moinhos do Vento, Farroupilha and Guaíba shore parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sustainablecities.net/plusnetwork/plus-cities/porto-alegre-brazil |title=Green areas in Porto Alegre |publisher=Sustainablecities.net |access-date=2010-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605214840/http://sustainablecities.net/plusnetwork/plus-cities/porto-alegre-brazil|archive-date=2010-06-05 }}</ref>

The [[Lami José Lutzenberger Biological Reserve]] was established in 1975 in the Lami neighborhood of Porto Alegre, named after the local agronomist and environmentalist [[José Lutzenberger]]. It was the first municipal reserve in Brazil. The reserve covers {{convert|179|ha}}. It reopened in April 2002 after being closed for more than ten years to allow its ecosystems to recover.<ref>{{citation|title=Cantinho Ecológico|language=pt|author=Marco Aurélio|year=2015|journal=A Semana|url=http://www.jornalasemana.net/coluna/cantinho_ecologico/2/107|access-date=2016-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505041928/http://www.jornalasemana.net/coluna/cantinho_ecologico/2/107|archive-date=2016-05-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
The reserve conserves nature and supports research and environmental education.<ref>{{citation|language=pt|title=Reserva Biológica do Lami José Lutzenberger|publisher=SMAM: Secretaria Municipal do Meio Ambiente de Porto Alegre|url=http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/smam/default.php?p_secao=156|access-date=2016-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723032905/http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/smam/default.php?p_secao=156|archive-date=2015-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Water===
[[File:Vista do Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí com Porto Alegre ao fundo.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Aerial view of Porto Alegre and Guaíba Lake basin]]
[[Sanitary sewer|Sewer]] service is available to 87.7 percent of the city, and 100 percent of the population is serviced by [[Water treatment|treated]] water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/dmae/default.php?p_secao=318|title=DMAE|first=Prefeitura Municipal de Porto|last=Alegre|website=2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024055037/http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/dmae/default.php?p_secao=318|archive-date=24 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> While in most Brazilian cities the water is supplied by large state companies, in Porto Alegre the Municipal Department of Water and Sanitation Services, (DMAE) is the provider. It is the largest municipal water supplier in the country and enjoys operational autonomy and financial independence. As a separate entity from the municipal government it can make its own decisions on how to invest the revenues it collects, and such decisions are not directly subject to interference from the municipality. It receives no subsidies and makes no payments to the municipality itself. As a municipal undertaking, DMAE enjoys tax-exempt status, which allows it to keep water prices lower.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sustainablecities.net/plusnetwork/plus-cities/porto-alegre-brazil |title=Water system in Porto Alegre |publisher=Sustainablecities.net |access-date=2010-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605214840/http://sustainablecities.net/plusnetwork/plus-cities/porto-alegre-brazil |archive-date=2010-06-05 }}</ref>

{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Reflexos do céu.jpg
| width1            = 225
| caption1          = Water mirrors in the Redenção Park
| alt1              = 
| image2            = IBPA 18231 - O Jardim compõe o complexo de prédios da sede administrativa do - 2018-10-16 - Jefferson Bernardes-PMPA.jpg
| width2            = 225
| caption2          = DMAE Headquarters, where the Moinhos de Vento Water Treatment Plant is located, supplying several Porto Alegre neighborhoods
}}

In 2010, the [[Inter-American Development Bank]] (IDB) approved a US$83.2&nbsp;million to support the Integrated Socioenvironmental Program of Porto Alegre. The program is carried out by the Municipal Department of Management and Strategic Support and its focus is on improving [[water quality]] in Guaíba Lake and the Cavalhada River, developing urban infrastructure to reduce flood risk along the Cavalhada River, improving the environmental management in the Municipality of Porto Alegre, and promoting efficient municipal water, sanitation and storm drainage services. This program improves the quality of life of the population of Porto Alegre by restoring water quality along the west side of Lake Guaíba and directly benefitting more than 700,000 residents through expanded public sanitation services and urban environmental improvement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Water+Resources/articles/22/Improving+Environmental+Quality+Porto+Alegre |title=Integrated Socioenvironmental Program of Porto Alegre |publisher=Zimbio.com |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712193216/http://www.zimbio.com/Water+Resources/articles/22/Improving+Environmental+Quality+Porto+Alegre |archive-date=2010-07-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Jacuí estuary contains the Jacuí Delta State Park, which in turn contains the [[Banhados do Delta Biological Reserve]], a fully protected area which covers the islands of Pólvora and Pombas.<ref>{{citation|language=pt|title=Parque e APA Estadual do Delta do Jacuí|publisher=Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul|url=http://www3.pucrs.br/pucrs/files/uni/poa/fau/pdf/mod_apres.pdf|access-date=2016-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530113333/http://www3.pucrs.br/pucrs/files/uni/poa/fau/pdf/mod_apres.pdf|archive-date=2016-05-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Air quality===
[[Motor vehicle]]s are responsible for the main atmospheric pollutant emissions. The city has the second worst air quality in Brazil, after only [[São Paulo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clicrbs.com.br/especiais/jsp/default.jsp?newsID=a2181723.htm&template=3847.dwt&section=Not%C3%ADcias&espid=21|title=Porto Alegre é a segunda capital do Brasil com mais poluentes no ar|website=Clicrbs.com.br|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013024912/http://www.clicrbs.com.br/especiais/jsp/default.jsp?newsID=a2181723.htm&template=3847.dwt&section=Not%C3%ADcias&espid=21|archive-date=13 October 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The use of new buses along dedicated busways has decreased pollutants as there is less idling time. SMAM (the Municipal Council of the Environment) has encouraged the use of the cleanest fuels and has played a role in monitoring pollution levels.

A partnership between SMAM, the [[Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul]], the State Environmental Protection Foundation (FEPAM) and [[Petrobrás]] has created a network of five air monitoring stations in Porto Alegre. By utilizing a Petrobrás product called city diesel, [[sulphur]] levels in the air have dropped from 1.2 percent in 1989 to 0.5 percent. [[Hybrid bus]]es which run on both diesel and electricity are also being considered for the future. Because Porto Alegre has a ready supply of [[natural gas]], the city's taxi fleet is gradually being converted to it from gasoline.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sustainablecities.net/plusnetwork/plus-cities/porto-alegre-brazil |title=Air quality in the city |publisher=Sustainablecities.net |access-date=2010-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605214840/http://sustainablecities.net/plusnetwork/plus-cities/porto-alegre-brazil |archive-date=2010-06-05 }}</ref>