Editing Procaine (section)

==Synthesis==
Procaine can be [[organic synthesis|synthesized]] in two ways. 
[[File:Procaine synthesis.png|class=skin-invert-image|center|500px|thumb|Procaine synthesis<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Einhorn A, Fiedler K, Ladisch C, Uhlfelder E | doi = 10.1002/jlac.19093710204| title = Ueber p-Aminobenzoësäurealkaminester| journal = Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie| volume = 371| issue = 2| pages = 142–161| year = 1909 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1427583}}</ref><ref>Einhorn A [[Hoechst AG|Höchst Ag]] {{US patent|812554}}; {{Cite patent|country=DE|number=179627|pubdate=1906-12-11|title=Verfahren zur Darstellung von p-Aminobenzoësäureaalkaminestern [Method for the prepareation of p-aminobenzoic acid alkamine esters]|assign=[[Hoechst AG|Höchst A.M.]]}}; {{Cite patent|country=DE|number=194748|pubdate=1908-01-28|title=Verfahren zur Darstellung von p-Aminobenzoësäureaalkaminestern [Method for the prepareation of p-aminobenzoic acid alkamine esters]|assign=[[Hoechst AG|Höchst A.M.]]}}, addendendum to DE 179627.</ref>]]
#The first consists of the direct reaction of [[benzocaine]] with [[2-diethylaminoethanol]] using [[sodium ethoxide]]-[[ethanol]] solution as the solvent and base. 
#The second is by oxidizing [[4-nitrotoluene]] to [[4-nitrobenzoic acid]], which is further reacted with [[thionyl chloride]], the resulting [[acyl chloride]] is then reacted with 2-diethylaminoethanol to give Nitrocaine. Finally, the nitro group is reduced by hydrogenation over [[Raney nickel]] catalyst.