Editing Procida (section)

==History==

===Ancient history===
Some [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean Greek]] objects from the 16th to 15th centuries BC have been found on Procida. Traces have also been found on [[Vivara]], an islet off the southwest coast of Procida. The first historically attested [[Greek people|Greek]] settlers arrived from the Aegean to this island during the 8th century BC, followed by other Greeks of [[Magna Graecia]] coming from nearby [[Cuma (Italy)|Cuma]].

The island is mentioned by the Roman satirist, [[Juvenal]], in Sat. 3, 5, as a barren place. Later, during [[Roman Empire|Roman rule]], Procida became a renowned resort for the [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] class of Rome.

===Middle Ages===
After the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] reconquest in the [[Gothic Wars (6th century)|Gothic Wars]], Procida remained under the jurisdiction of the [[Duke of Naples]]. The continual devastation first by the [[Vandals]] and [[Goths]], and later by the [[Saracens]], pushed the population to resettle in a fortified village typical of [[medieval]] times. The population was sheltered by a cape, naturally defended by walls that peaked on the sea that were later fortified, thus acquiring the name of ''Terra Murata'' ("walled land").

Testimonies from this period are from those who staffed the [[watchtower (fortification)|watchtowers]] on the sea, which became the symbol of the island. With the [[Normans|Norman]] conquest of [[Southern Italy]], Procida experienced [[feudal]] dominion; the island, with a mainland annexe (the future Mount of Procida), came under the control of the Da Procida family which continued to hold the island for more than two centuries. The most famous member of the family was [[John of Procida|John III of Procida]], counsellor to Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] and leader of the revolt of the [[Sicilian Vespers]].

In 1339, the [[fiefdom]], together with the Island of Ischia, was handed over to the Cossa family, of [[France|French]] origin, loyal followers of the Angevin dynasty then reigning in Naples. Baldassare Cossa was elected [[Antipope]] in 1410 with the name of [[Antipope John XXIII|John XXIII]]. In this period a deep economic transformation of the island began, as agriculture was slowly abandoned in favour of fishing.
[[File:Procida.jpg|thumb|View of [[Corricella]] from Cape Pizzaco]]

===Modern era===
During the rule of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], Emperor of Spain, the island was granted to the D'Avalos family. Pirate raids continued during this period. Particularly notable was one in 1534, led by the infamous [[Turkey|Turk]] admiral [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]].

In 1744, King [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] of Spain made Procida a royal [[game reserve]]. In this period the Procidan fleet reached its zenith, backed by a period of flourishing shipbuilding. The population rose to approximately 16,000. In 1799, Procida took part in the revolts that led to the proclamation of the [[Neapolitan Republic (1799)|Neapolitan Republic]]. With the return of the Bourbon [[dynasty]] a few months later 12 Procidans were beheaded.

The [[Napoleonic Wars]] brought several episodes of devastation due to the island's strategic position in the naval engagements between the French and the [[England|English]]. In 1860, after the fall of the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], the island became part of the newly formed [[Unification of Italy|Kingdom of Italy]].
[[File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Procida, 1972) - BEIC 6362016.jpg|thumb|Procida in 1972.]]

=== 20th century===
The 20th century saw a crisis in Procidan shipbuilding due to competition with industrial [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]]s. In 1907 Procida lost its mainland territory, which became independent and is commonly called the Mount of Procida ([[Monte di Procida]]).

In 1957, the first underwater [[aqueduct (water supply)|aqueduct]] in Europe was built in Procida.

In the last few decades, the population has slowly begun to grow. The economy remains in great part tied to the marine industry, although the tourist industry has also grown.