Editing Progestogen (medication) (section)

===Birth control===
Progestogens are used in a variety of different forms of [[hormonal contraception|hormonal birth control]] for females, including [[combined hormonal contraception|combined estrogen and progestogen forms]] like [[combined oral contraceptive pill]]s, [[contraceptive patch|combined contraceptive patch]]es, [[contraceptive vaginal ring|combined contraceptive vaginal ring]]s, and [[combined injectable birth control|combined injectable contraceptive]]s; and [[progestogen-only contraception|progestogen-only form]]s like [[progestogen-only pill|progestogen-only contraceptive pill]]s ("mini-pills"), [[emergency contraception|progestogen-only emergency contraceptive pill]]s ("day-after pills"), [[contraceptive implant|progestogen-only contraceptive implant]]s, [[intrauterine device|progestogen-only intrauterine device]]s, [[contraceptive vaginal ring|progestogen-only contraceptive vaginal ring]]s, and [[progestogen-only injectable contraceptive]]s.<ref name="JamesonGroot2015">{{cite book|author1=J. Larry Jameson|author2=Leslie J. De Groot|title=Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric E-Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmLeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2304|date=25 February 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-32195-2|pages=2304–}}</ref><ref name="ClarkHarvey2011">{{cite book | author1 = Michelle A. Clark | author2 = Richard A. Harvey | author3 = Richard Finkel |author4=Jose A. Rey |author5=Karen Whalen | title = Pharmacology | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Y558dgp_PjoC&pg=PA322 | date = 15 December 2011 | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | isbn = 978-1-4511-1314-3 | page = 322}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharya2003">{{cite book | author = Bhattacharya | title = Pharmacology, 2/e | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X3cCZQCrrjcC&pg=PA378 | date = 1 January 2003 | publisher = Elsevier India | isbn = 978-81-8147-009-6 | page = 378}}</ref><ref name="KellermanBope2017">{{cite book|author1=Rick D. Kellerman|author2=Edward T. Bope|title=Conn's Current Therapy 2018 E-Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xNBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1124|date=10 November 2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-52961-7|pages=1124–}}</ref>

Progestogens mediate their contraceptive effects by multiple mechanisms, including prevention of [[ovulation]] via their [[antigonadotropic]] effects; thickening of [[cervical mucus]], making the [[cervix]] largely impenetrable to [[sperm]]; preventing [[capacitation]] of [[sperm]] due to changes in cervical fluid, thereby making sperm unable to penetrate the [[ovum]]; and [[atrophy|atrophic]] changes in the [[endometrium]], making the endometrium unsuitable for [[implantation (human embryo)|implantation]].<ref name="VarneyKriebs2004">{{cite book|author1=Helen Varney|author2=Jan M. Kriebs|author3=Carolyn L. Gegor|title=Varney's Midwifery|url=https://archive.org/details/varneysmidwifery0000varn|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-1856-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/varneysmidwifery0000varn/page/513 513]–}}</ref><ref name="Golan2008" /><ref name="MilesRayburn2012">{{cite book|author1=Pamela S. Miles|author2=William F. Rayburn|author3=J.Christopher Carey|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKigBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4684-0220-9|pages=109–}}</ref><ref name="pmid15715527">{{cite journal | vauthors = Erkkola R, Landgren BM | title = Role of progestins in contraception | journal = Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | volume = 84 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–16 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15715527 | doi = 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00759.x | s2cid = 6887415| doi-access = free }}</ref> They may also decrease [[tubule|tubal]] [[motility]] and [[cilia]]ry action.<ref name="pmid15715527" />