Editing Pula (section)

=== Ancient period ===
[[File:Pola Anfiteatro.jpg|thumb|left|Pula Arena in 1728]]
[[File:Portageminapolacroatia01.jpg|thumb|left|[[Porta Gemina]]]]
In classical antiquity, it was inhabited by the [[Histri]],<ref name="Histri">{{Cite web |url=http://www2.arnes.si/~mkralj/istra-history/ancient.html |title=A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF ISTRIA |work=www2.arnes.si |access-date=27 January 2010 |archive-date=8 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608065151/http://www2.arnes.si/~mkralj/istra-history/ancient.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a [[Venetic language|Venetic]] or [[List of ancient tribes in Illyria|Illyrian tribe]].
[[Strabo]], [[Pomponius Mela]] and [[Lycophron]] wrote that it was inhabited by [[Colchians]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.2.39 |title=Strabo, Geography, 1.2.39 |access-date=21 February 2021 |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024102900/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.2.39 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://topostext.org/work/145#2.57 |title=Pomponius Mela, Chorographia, 2.57 |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128090544/https://topostext.org/work/145#2.57 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1_%28%CE%9B%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD%29#v1000 |title=Lycophron, Alexandra, 1011 |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608000229/https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1_%28%CE%9B%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD%29#v1000 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Istria|Istrian peninsula]] was conquered by the Romans in 177 BC,<ref name="Histri"/> starting a period of Romanization. The town was elevated to colonial rank between 46 and 45 BC as the tenth region of the late [[Roman Republic]], under [[Julius Caesar]].<ref name="Histri"/><ref>{{harvnb|Ivelja-Dalmatin|2009|p=10}}</ref> During that time the town grew and had at its zenith a population of about 30,000. It became a significant Roman port with a large surrounding area under its jurisdiction.

During the civil war of 42 BC of the triumvirate of [[Augustus|Octavian]], [[Mark Antony]] and [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Lepidus]] against Caesar's assassins [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|Brutus]] and [[Gaius Cassius Longinus|Cassius]], the town took the side of Cassius, since the town had been founded by [[Quintus Cassius Longinus|Cassius Longinus]], brother of Cassius. After Octavian's victory, the town was demolished. It was soon rebuilt at the request of Octavian's daughter Iulia and was then called ''Colonia Pietas Iulia Pola Pollentia Herculanea''. The colony was part of [[Roman Italy#Augustan organization|Venetia et Histria]], a region of [[Roman Italy]]. Great classical constructions were built of which a few remain.

A great [[amphitheatre]], [[Pula Arena]], was constructed between 27&nbsp;BC and 68&nbsp;AD,<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvnb|Džin|2009|p=7}}</ref> much of it still standing to this day. The Romans also supplied the city with water and sewage systems. They fortified the city with a wall with ten gates. A few of these gates remain: the triumphal [[Arch of the Sergii]], the Gate of Hercules (in which the names of the founders of the city are engraved), and the Twin Gates. During the reign of the emperor [[Septimius Severus]] the name of the town was changed to "Res Publica Polensis". The town was the site of an execution of two reigning ''[[Caesar (title)|caesares]]'', [[Crispus]] in 326 AD and [[Constantius Gallus]] in 354 AD. In 425 AD the town became the centre of a diocese, attested by the remains of foundations of a few religious buildings.<ref name="Histri"/>