Editing Pyrometer (section)

== Applications ==
[[file:Smelter-pyrometer.png|thumb|upright=2|A tuyère pyrometer. (1)&nbsp;Display. (2)&nbsp;Optical. (3)&nbsp;Fibre optic cable and periscope. (4)&nbsp;Pyrometer tuyère adapter having: i.&nbsp;Bustle pipe connection. ii.&nbsp;Tuyère clamp. iii.&nbsp;Clamp washer. iv.&nbsp;Clamp stud c/w and fastening hardware. v.&nbsp;Gasket. vi.&nbsp;Noranda tuyère silencer. vii.&nbsp;Valve seat. viii.&nbsp;Ball. (5)&nbsp;Pneumatic cylinder: i.&nbsp;Smart cylinder assembly with Internal proximity switch. ii.&nbsp;Guard plate assembly. iii.&nbsp;Temporary flange cover plate, used to cover periscope entry hole on tuyère adapter when no cylinder is installed on the tuyère. (6)&nbsp;Operator station panel. (7)&nbsp;Pyrometer light station. (8)&nbsp;Limit switches. (9)&nbsp;4 conductor cab tire. (10)&nbsp;Ball Valve. (11)&nbsp;Periscope air pressure switch. (12)&nbsp;Bustle pipe air pressure switch. (13)&nbsp;Airline filter/regulator. (14)&nbsp;Directional control valve, sub-plate, silencer and speed control mufflers. (15)&nbsp;2" nom. low pressure air hose, 40&nbsp;m length.]]

Pyrometers are suited especially to the measurement of moving objects or any surfaces that cannot be reached or cannot be touched. Contemporary multispectral pyrometers are suitable for measuring high temperatures inside combustion chambers of gas turbine engines with high accuracy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mekhrengin |first1=M. V. |last2=Meshkovskii |first2=I. K. |last3=Tashkinov |first3=V. A. |last4=Guryev |first4=V. I. |last5=Sukhinets |first5=A. V. |last6=Smirnov |first6=D. S. |title=Multispectral pyrometer for high temperature measurements inside combustion chamber of gas turbine engines |journal=Measurement |date=June 2019 |volume=139 |pages=355–360 |doi=10.1016/j.measurement.2019.02.084 |bibcode=2019Meas..139..355M |s2cid=116260472 }}</ref>

Temperature is a fundamental parameter in [[metallurgical furnace]] operations. Reliable and continuous measurement of the metal temperature is essential for effective control of the operation. Smelting rates can be maximized, [[slag]] can be produced at the optimal temperature, fuel consumption is minimized and refractory life may also be lengthened. [[Thermocouple]]s were the traditional devices used for this purpose, but they are unsuitable for continuous measurement because they melt and degrade.

[[File:THC 2003.902.127 T. Hignett Optical Pyrometer.tif|thumb|left|Measuring the combustion temperature of coke in the blast furnace using an optical pyrometer, Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, 1930]]

[[Ferritic nitrocarburizing|Salt bath]] furnaces operate at temperatures up to 1300&nbsp;°C and are used for [[heat treatment]]. At very high working temperatures with intense heat transfer between the molten salt and the steel being treated, precision is maintained by measuring the temperature of the molten salt. Most errors are caused by [[slag]] on the surface, which is cooler than the salt bath.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michalski |first1=L. |last2=Eckersdorf |first2=K. |last3=Kucharski |first3=J. |last4=McGhee |first4=J. |title=Temperature Measurement |date=2001 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-86779-1 |pages=403–404 }}</ref>

The ''tuyère pyrometer'' is an optical instrument for temperature measurement through the [[tuyere]]s, which are normally used for feeding air or reactants into the bath of the furnace.

A steam [[boiler]] may be fitted with a pyrometer to measure the steam temperature in the [[superheater]].

A [[hot air balloon]] is equipped with a pyrometer for measuring the temperature at the top of the envelope in order to prevent overheating of the fabric.

Pyrometers may be fitted to experimental [[gas turbine]] engines to measure the surface temperature of turbine blades. Such pyrometers can be paired with a tachometer to tie the pyrometer output with the position of an individual [[turbine blade]]. Timing combined with a radial position encoder allows engineers to determine the temperature at exact points on blades moving past the probe.